Please get the paper from the stool When

§ Please get the paper from the stool § When the bell rings, your phones and headphones need to be somewhere I can’t see them and you can use them § Reminder—map quiz MONDAY

§ Boundaries - Limit the jurisdiction and authority of one entity in favor of another § Limits defense, laws, rights, services, taxation § Political Borders – Represent the spatial limits of a political organization § Boundary Demarcation § The clear marking of boundaries by the building of walls, signs, etc… § Often cause conflict between states § Can also serve as clear cultural dividing points

§ Supra-National Scale – Organizations that transcend the boundaries of multiple countries § Example: European Union, United Nations § State Scale – The political division of the Earth’s surface among different countries § Intra-State Scale – Further division of a State into smaller entities § Example: Provinces of Canada

§ Centripetal Forces § States with clearly defined borders promotes unity and cultural cohesion § Centrifugal Forces § The more boundaries and nationalities possessed by a state the higher the likelihood of conflict § Separatist movements § Regionalism § External threats

§Physical Boundaries: physical features that separate § Ex: mountains, deserts, rivers, lakes, oceans § Frontier? § Median Line Principle: drawing a line down the center point of a water boundary

§ Geometric boundaries: straight, imaginary lines that split two countries § Lines of latitude § Ex: North and South Korea are divided at the 38 th parallel

§ Cultural Boundaries: boundaries created by ethnic differences like religion and language

§ Antecedent boundary: boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged § Usually a physical barrier. § Examples: § Malaysia/Indonesia

§ Subsequent boundary: develop along with the development of the cultural landscape. § Examples: § Northern Ireland § China and Vietnam

§ Superimposed boundary: boundary that ignores the existing cultural organization on the landscape. Usually placed by a higher authority § Examples: § N & S Vietnam § Most of Africa

§ Relic boundary: This boundary does not exist any longer, but its impact is still felt and seen on the landscape § Example § East and West Germany

§ The creation of walls/barriers to either prevent foreigners from getting in, or its citizens from getting out.

§ Location Boundary Disputes: arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is § Example: Mississippi River, as the river shifts people in Mississippi have found themselves now in Louisiana

§Definitional Boundary Disputes: arise from the legal language of the treaty’s definition of the boundary

§Operational Boundary Disputes: occur when two countries next to each other disagree on a major issue involving the border § US and Mexico

§ Allocational Boundary Disputes: this dispute does not question the boundary itself but rather the use of it § Usually involve some type of natural resource

§ The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) created in 1983 1. Foreign countries could not have their military or other ships travel within 12 miles of the coast of any other country 2. Countries have exclusive economic zones (EEZs) which means that countries have the right to explore for resources up to 200 miles off their shores.

§ Enclave: any portion of a state that is entirely surrounded by the territory of another state § Sometimes used to describe non-sovereign or sovereign territory, generally a small coastal territory, that is partly surrounded by one or several larger states. § Exclave: a portion of a country geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory § Basically, an exclave is the enclave seen from the viewpoint of the main part. Thus, in Fig. 1 at right, C is an enclave from the viewpoint of A but an exclave from the viewpoint of B, the main part

§ Factors that affect the cohesion and political viability of a state § 5 Categories 1. Elongated-long and narrow country 2. Compact-distance from center to outside border is close to equidistant 3. Fragmented-broken into separate pieces 4. Prorupted-large main territory and a narrow corridor leading from it 5. Perforated-where one state encircles another

§ https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=q. Mk. Yl. IA 7 mgw