PHYSICS 220 Lecture 12 Collision and Explosion Lecture

PHYSICS 220 Lecture 12 Collision and Explosion Lecture 12 1

Example • A freight train is being assembled in switching yard. Car 1 has a mass of m 1=65 103 kg and moves at a velocity v 01=0. 80 m/s. Car 2 has a mass of m 2=92 103 kg and moves at a velocity v 02=1. 3 m/s and couples to Car 1. Neglecting friction, find the common velocity vf of the cars after they become coupled. m 2 Lecture 12 v 02 m 1 vf v 01 initial final 2

Example • A fright train is being assembled in switching yard. Car 1 has a mass of m 1=65 103 kg and moves at a velocity v 01=0. 80 m/s. Car 2 has a mass of m 2=92 103 kg and moves at a velocity v 02=1. 3 m/s and couples to it. Neglecting friction, find the common velocity vf of the cars after they become coupled. Apply conservation of momentum: Pi=m 1 vo 1+m 2 v 02 Pf=(m 1+m 2)vf = m 1 v 01+m 2 v 02 Lecture 12 3

i. Clicker A railroad car is coasting along a horizontal track with speed v when it runs into and connects with a second identical railroad car, initially at rest. Assuming there is no friction between the cars and the rails, what is the speed of the two coupled cars after the collision? A) v B) v/2 C) v/4 D) 2 v S Pinitial = S Pfinal M v = M vf + M vf v = 2 vf vf = v/2 Lecture 12 4

Center of Mass L Example 1: m m x. CM = (0 + m. L)/2 m = L/2 L Example 2: Lecture 12 m 5 m X=0 X=L x. CM = (0 + 5 m. L)/6 m = 5 L/6 5

Lecture 12 6

Center of Mass • For symmetric objects that have uniform density the CM will simply be at the geometrical center! + CM + Lecture 12 + + 7

Exercise • The disk shown below (1) clearly has its CM at the center. • Suppose the disk is cut in half and the pieces arranged as shown in (2): Where is the CM of (2) as compared to (1)? A) higher B) lower C) same X CM Lecture 12 (1) (2) 8

Exercise • The CM of each half-disk will be closer to the fat end than to the thin end (think of where it would balance). l The CM of the compound object will be halfway between the CMs of the two halves. l This is higher than the CM of the disk X X CM (1) Lecture 12 X X (2) 9

Dynamics of Many Particles ptot = mtot. Vcm Fext. Dt = Dptot = mtot. DVcm or Fext = mtotacm So if Fext = 0 then Vcm is constant • Center of Mass of a system behaves in a SIMPLE way - moves like a point particle! - velocity of CM is unaffected by collision if Fext = 0 Lecture 12 10

Astronauts & Rope • Two astronauts at rest in outer space are connected by a light rope. They are at a distance L and they begin to pull towards each other. Where do they meet? A) L/2 B) 2 L/5 C) 1/5 L m M = 1. 5 m L Lecture 12 11

Astronauts & Rope. . . l l They start at rest, so VCM = 0. VCM remains zero because there are no external forces. So, the CM does not move! They will meet at the CM. m M = 1. 5 m CM L x=0 x=L Finding the CM: If we take the astronaut on the left to be at x = 0: Lecture 12 12

Explosion Example: m 1 = M/3 m 2 = 2 M/3 v 1 “before” M m 1 m 2 v 2 “after” • Which block has larger |momentum|? * Each has same |momentum| • Which block has larger speed? * mv same for each smaller mass has larger velocity • Which block has larger kinetic energy? * K = mv 2/2 = m 2 v 2/2 m = p 2/2 m * smaller mass has larger kinetic energy • Is mechanical (kinetic) energy conserved? * NO Lecture 12 13

Explosion and Collision Explosion M m 1 m 2 Procedure “before” • Draw “before” and “after” • Define system so that Fext = 0 • Set up a coordinate system Collision m 1 Lecture 12 m 2 “before” “after” • Compute ptotal “before” • Compute ptotal “after” • Set them equal to each other 14

Type of Collision • Elastic Collisions: – collisions that conserve mechanical energy • Inelastic Collisions: – collisions that do not conserve mechanical energy • Completely Inelastic Collisions: – objects stick together Elastic Lecture 12 Inelastic Completely Inelastic 15

2 -D Problems y x before after • Ptotal, x and Ptotal, y independently conserved Ptotal, x, before = Ptotal, x, after Ptotal, y, before = Ptotal, y, after Lecture 12 16

Elastic Collision • Assuming – Collision is elastic (KE is conserved) – Balls have the same mass – One ball starts out at rest pf pi vcm Pf F before Lecture 12 after 17

Playing Pool • According to what you have learned so far, you would want think twice before attempting the shot because … Lecture 12 18

• Conservation of momentum vc, f 900 Vp, f vc, i • Conservation of energy Lecture 12 19

Completely Inelastic Collision Lecture 12 20

Completely Inelastic Collision y m 1 x v 1 v 2 m 2 • Find vf and Lecture 12 before m 1+m 2 vf after 21

Completely Inelastic Collision in Two Dimensions x • Find vf and y Lecture 12 m 1+m 2 vf after 22

i. Clicker “before” M “after” A B Which of these is possible? (Ignore friction and gravity) A B C = both D = neither Lecture 12 23