Philippine Music during the Spanish Era In what

Philippine Music during the Spanish Era

In what ways and means did the Spanish missionaries taught the early Philippine society the Catholic faith?

The Liturgy was celebrated using Gregorian Chant, Polyphonic Masses and Motets and Hymns, all in Latin.

POLYPHONIC MUSIC - two or more independent melodies sung or played at the same time Ex. • A Home on the Rolling Sea - round • Halleluah from Messiah by George Friedrich Handel • Kyrie by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Natives were not only instructed in singing but also in playing various instruments like guitar, violin, flute, harp and organ.

In 1857 a boy’s choir was formed in the Dominican convent of Sto. Domingo which evolved into a music school. Las Pinas Boy’s Choir

Later a fine organ was installed in the church. The first orchestra was formed in the Augustinian Convent of Guadalupe in 1601. In 1643, Fray Juan de Torres established the Manila Orchestra. In 1742, the Colegio de Niños Tiples de la Iglesia Cathedral was founded.

Between 1816 -1824, Fr. Diego de Cerra built a unique instrument, the famous Las Piñas Bamboo Organ which is still being used for liturgical services in the Parish Church of St. Joseph. It contains 950 bamboo pipes with 22 stops, 43 pipes for each register and 12 pedals.

Catholic faith was preached to the natives Parts of the through the introduction of the liturgical Liturgical Mass mass that was in Latin and the music that went with it was Western Kyrie. Gloria Alleluia Credo Sanctus Pater Noster Agnus Dei

KYRIE SANCTUS Kyrie eleison; Christe eleison; Kyrie eleison Sanctus, Dominus Deus Sabaoth; pleni sunt coeli et terra gloria tua Hosanna in excelsis Lord have mercy; Christ, have mercy; Lord, have mercy Holy, Lord God of Hosts; Heaven and earth are full of Your glory. Hosanna in the highest.

SACRED MUSIC • Music written over the ages to be used in the sung liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church Ø Gregorian chants and melodies Ø Polyphonic pieces in the middle ages and the Renaissance • It is simple for the singing congregation and more elaborate as the degree of musicianship increases

SINGING AND DANCING Singing and dancing Leaping and prancing La, la, la… Flutes raise their voices, Cello rejoices Music delights us music invites us to join in the dance Fa, la, la….

SECULAR MUSIC • Non- sacred music that developed in the Medieval period and was used in the Renaissance • Love songs, political satire, dances and dramatic works • Drums, harps, recorders and bagpipes were the instruments used in secular music because they were easy for the travelling musicians to tote around • Common people sing these songs for entertainment

Filipino Composers During the Spanish Era

In 1870 the Augustinian Fray Toribio organized an orchestra at the San Agustin Church in Intramuros. The orchestra was led by Marcelo Adonay, the first native Filipino to compose a Mass. Other Filipino musicians were Pantaleon Lopez and Ladislao Bonus.

MARCELO ADONAY 1848 - 1928, Pakil, Laguna • Filipino composer, organist, conductor, and music teacher • Known as the “Prince of Philippine Church Music, ” he was one of the most well-known Philippine musicians of the late 19 th century

• He was a self-taught musician, having taught himself to play the organ, piano, and violin through self-study. He was able to learn all of these while serving as a church boy at the San Agustin Church, where an uncle brought him when he turned eight years old.

Pequeña Misa Solemne sobre Motivos de la Missa Regia del Canto Gregoriano – largest and most significant extant work

Gloria in excelsis Deo et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis. Laudamus te, benedicimus te, adoramus te, glorificamus te, gratias agimus tibi Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to men of good will. We praise You, we bless You, we adore You, we glorify You, we give thanks

Religious Musical Works • Liberame (1869) • Lectio (1885) • Gazos a Nuestra Señora de la Consolacion (1890) • Vita Jesu (1891) • A San Pascual Bailon en Obando (1894) • Responsarium (1894) • Benedictus (1895) • Hosana (1899) • Pequeña Misa Solemne (1903) • A Nuestra Señora de Antipolo (1909) • A San Juan Bautista (1916)