OCR Cambridge Technical in Science Level 2 UNIT

OCR Cambridge Technical in Science Level 2

UNIT 14: PHYSICS IN SPORT

Levers in sport Understanding levers can help improve performance. Some Jointssports and muscles equipment actact as levers as aso lever. limbs can move.

Levers in sport A lever comprises of three components: Fulcrum: (or pivot) the point about which the lever Load: therotates force applied by the lever Effort: system the force applied by the user of the lever system Effort Load Fulcrum

Levers in sport Levers have a mechanical advantage that can be calculated using the formula: mechanical advantage = load ÷ effort

Levers in sport The way in which a lever will operate is dependent on the type of lever. There are three classes of lever: Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

Which forces affect How domovement? forces affect our movement? Gravity Friction

What if more than one force is acting? When several forces act on an object, we can add them together to find out what's going to happen. The combined effect of all the forces on an object is called the resultant force. The force of the bat hitting the ball combines with the force of gravity = Resultant force.

How streamlining improves performance Cyclists and swimmers are affected by frictional forces that can be described as drag, air resistance or fluid resistance, when they move through a liquid or gas. Streamlining reduces the effects of these frictional forces. Body position and smooth clothing help with this.

How can we predict motion in sport? How does the Sam know where the puck will be? If the forces cancel each other, we use this fact: distance moved = speed x time taken

How can we predict motion in sport? Is the board high enough for Sam to do a somersault? Will there be enough time before hitting the water? If the force of gravity affects the motion, we can use this equation: distance fallen = 5 x (time taken)2

What do all these sports have in common? They all move through the air following a parabolic trajectory.

Parabolic pathway Anything that moves through the Earth’s gravitational field is called a projectile. Projectiles follow a curved path, unless they are just travelling It is possible to identify vertically. the optimum launch The path a projectile angle for that a sports ball follows is its trajectory. and to calculate the The curved trajectory of range and time of flight. a projectile is called a parabola, and is described as parabolic.

What will you learn? How levers are used in sport. How streamlining reduces drag and improves performance in sport. How we can predict the path and speed of a moving object, and how this can be used to improve techniques in sport. How all movement is controlled by forces.

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