Nationalism and Revolution Around the World Section 2

Nationalism and Revolution Around the World Section 2: Nationalism in Africa and the Middle East

Africans Resist Colonial Rule • After World War I, many Africans who had fought on behalf of their colonial rulers felt that they had earned more rights. • Instead, they were suppressed and segregated from the white community. • In South Africa, the system of apartheid led to a nationalist movement and a political party known as the ANC.

Nationalism and “Africa for Africans” • Pan-Africanism became a popular movement in the 1920 s. • French-speaking writers in West Africa and the Caribbean inspired pride in Africans through the negritude movement. • In 1922, Egypt was the first to be granted independence, although Britain still controlled Egypt’s monarchy.

Turkey and Persia Modernize • After World War I, Turkey and Persia both struggled to become truly independent nations. • Turkish ruler Atatürk and Persian ruler Reza Khan took steps to separate religion from government and to introduce Western ways. • Others felt that Islam should play a larger role in these states.

Arab Nationalism and the Middle East • When gasoline-powered engines came into widespread use, the oil of the Middle East became more valuable. • A Pan-Arabism movement grew to unite Arab peoples and keep their lands free from foreign domination. • Arabs felt betrayed by the results of the Paris Peace Conference and mistrusted the West. • They were also angered by British and Zionist attempts to set up a Jewish homeland in Palestine.