Mark E Fuller Senior Principal Instructor Oracle University

Mark E. Fuller Senior Principal Instructor Oracle University Oracle Corporation

Oracle and Linux A Winning Combination RAC and Linux

Oracle 9 i Real Application Clusters Ÿ Database with instances on separate nodes Ÿ Physical or logical access to each database file Ÿ Software controlled data access Nodes Database

Why Implement RAC? Ÿ Enables systems to scale up by increasing throughput Ÿ Increases performance by speeding up database operations Ÿ Provides higher availability Ÿ Provides support for a greater number of users

Oracle 9 i RAC Cache Fusion 100 Block access time (milliseconds) Without Cache Fusion With Cache Fusion 20 1 0. 01 Block in local cache remote cache Block on disk

Why Choose Linux? Ÿ Enterprise-class offerings for mission critical systems Ÿ Open and cost-effective solution Ÿ Opportunity to reduce IT infrastructure costs Ÿ Oracle Corporation provides direct technical support of the operating system

Linux RAC Architecture Ÿ Hardware – – – Intel-based hardware External shared SCSI or Fiber Channel disks Interconnect by using NIC Ÿ Operating system – – – Red Hat 7. 1 and Red Hat 2. 1 Advanced Server Su. SE 7. 2 and Su. SE SLES 7 United. Linux 1. 0

Linux RAC Architecture Ÿ Oracle software – – – Oracle Cluster File System Oracle Cluster Management System Oracle 9 i Enterprise database

RAC on Linux Storage Ÿ Storage options for RAC on Linux: – – Oracle Cluster File System (OCFS) Raw devices named /dev/raw[1 -255] Ÿ Up to 255 raw devices can be addressed. Ÿ The tool that is used to set up and query raw devices is raw. Ÿ Currently, Linux has no cluster file system. – – Su. SE has a Logical Volume Manager (LVM). Red Hat has no LVM.

Oracle Cluster File System Ÿ Is a shared file system that is designed specifically for Oracle RAC Ÿ Eliminates the need for database files to be linked to logical drives Ÿ Volumes can span one shared disk or multiple shared disks Ÿ Guarantees consistency of metadata across nodes in a cluster

OCFS Features Ÿ Node-specific files and directories Ÿ Unique cluster name integrity – – Allows a hardware cluster to be segregated into logical software clusters Simplifies storage area network management Ÿ Automatic configuration of new nodes

Cluster Management on Linux Ÿ oracm maintains both node status view and Oracle instance status view. Ÿ The hangcheck thread driver monitors oracm and reconciles with the hangcheck-timer at defined intervals. Ÿ The timer resets the node if a new thread is not started within a specified time. Oracle Cluster Management System (OCMS) Oracle instance oracm Hangcheck thread driver User mode Kernel mode Hangcheck-timer

Oracle Cluster Management System Ÿ OCMS consist of: – – – Cluster Monitor (CM) Node Monitor (NM) Hangcheck-timer Module Ÿ Binaries are located in: – $ORACLE_HOME/ocms/bin Ÿ Configuration files located in: – – $ORACLE_HOME/oracm/admin/cmcfg. ora $ORACLE_HOME/oracm/admin/ocmargs. ora

The Hangcheck Timer Ÿ Replaces the watchdog daemon in Oracle 9. 2. 0. 2 Ÿ Is loaded as a kernel module Ÿ Is specified by the Kernel. Module. Name parameter in the CMCFG. ORA file Ÿ Already included in the Linux 2. 5 Kernel

The Node Monitor (NM) Ÿ Maintains a consistent view of the cluster, and reports the node status to the cluster manager Ÿ Uses a heartbeat mechanism Ÿ Works with hangcheck-timer and acts depending on the type of failure Ÿ Is integrated into the cluster monitor process, oracm, in Oracle 9. 2. 0. 2

The Cluster Monitor (CM) Ÿ Maintains the process-level cluster status. Ÿ Accepts registration of Oracle instances to the cluster and provides a consistent view of Oracle instances. Ÿ When an Oracle process that writes to the shared disk quits abnormally, the CM on the node detects it and takes appropriate action.

RAC/Linux Installation Outline Ÿ Build hardware cluster and interconnect Ÿ Install Linux – – Remove IBMJava 2 Package Add pdksh and ssh packages Ÿ Prepare Operating System for OCFS, OCMS – – Kernel Parameters Create oracle account and dba group Create $ORACLE_HOME and /var/opt/oracle directories Adjust login profile script for oracle account

RAC/Linux Installation Outline Ÿ Download and install the following – Ÿ Ÿ http: //otn. oracle. com/tech/linux/content. html Ÿ ocfs-support-1. 0 -1. i 686. rpm Ÿ ocfs-tools-1. 0 -1. i 686. rpm Ÿ ocfs-2. 4. 9 -3 typeversion. rpm Start ocfstool gui and generate configuration Create mount point for shared disk Use fdisk to partition the shared disk Start ocfstool gui and format shared disk from 1 node only

RAC/Linux Installation Outline Ÿ Load ocfs module and mount shared volume Ÿ Use run. Installer to install OCMS 9. 2. 0. 1 – – Accept default watchdog parameter It will be disabled later Ÿ Download and install the hangcheck module – http: //otn. oracle. com/tech/linux/content. html Ÿ Hangcheck-timer-2. 4. 9 -e. 3 -0. 4. 0 -2. i 686. rpm Ÿ Disable watchdog daemon from system startup

RAC/Linux Installation Outline Ÿ Update OCMS 9. 2. 0. 1 to 9. 2. 0. 2 with run. Installer Ÿ Automate OCFS and OCMS commands to load and execute on system startup Ÿ Setup rlogin and rsh facilities so the Universal installer can complete work on both nodes

RAC/Linux Installation Outline Ÿ Use run. Installer to install the Oracle 9. 2. 0. 1 RDBMS – – – Select Custom install Select Oracle 9 i Real Application Clusters option Select ‘The management server will use an existing repository’ Ÿ Prevents installer from creating OMS repository now – – Choose not to create a database at this time Cancel Enterprise Manager configuration

RAC/Linux Installation Outline Ÿ Update RDBMS 9. 2. 0. 1 to 9. 2. 0. 2 with run. Installer Ÿ Start gsd daemon with gsdctl utility Ÿ Run DBCA to create cluster database – Gsd must be running to succeed

Oracle University Related Offerings Ÿ Managing Oracle on Linux ( 3 days ILT ) Ÿ Oracle 9 i Real Application Clusters ( 3 days ILT ) Ÿ Oracle 9 i Database: Real Application Clusters on Linux ( 2 days ILT )

Oracle Database 10 G RAC Complete, Integrated Ÿ Complete Oracle cluster Clusterware software solution Ÿ Single-vendor support Ÿ Low Cost – – No need to purchase additional software Easy to install, manage Ÿ High quality and functionality across all platforms Ÿ Common event and management API’s – Multi-tier HA & minimal MTTR Ÿ Support for third-party clusterware Services Framework Cluster Control/Recovery Messaging and Locking Connectivity

Oracle Database 10 G RAC Automatic Server Provisioning Ÿ Push-button add/drop server to cluster Ÿ Hands-free allocation and re-allocation of servers to services – – Automatic routing of service requests to appropriate server with lowest load On server failure, automatic re-allocation of surviving servers to services Ÿ Works across all platforms

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