M 4 A 3 Compute accurately and fluently

M 4. A. 3 Compute accurately and fluently and make reasonable estimates. M 4. A. 3. 1 Apply rounding and/or estimation strategies to solve problems.

M 4. A. 3. 1 Eligible Content • M 4. A. 3. 1. 1 Round whole numbers to the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, ten -thousand or hundred-thousand • M 4. A. 3. 1. 2 Round amounts of money to the nearest dollar. • M 4. A. 3. 1. 3 Estimate the answer to addition, subtraction and multiplication problems using whole numbers through 6 digits (for multiplication, no more than 2 digits X 1 digit, excluding powers of 10).

• M 4. A. 3. 1. 1 Round whole numbers to the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, ten-thousand or hundred-thousand • M 4. A. 3. 1. 2 Round amounts of money to the nearest dollar.

PSSA Sample Items

Rounding

Use rounding • When the question asks you to estimate. • When the question asks “about how many”…? • When an exact answer isn’t possible. • When an answer is difficult to obtain.

Memorize this Poem Find your number. Look right next door. 4 or less just ignore. 5 or more, add 1 more.

Round this number to the nearest ten thousand. Find your number. 3 6 8, 9 7 1 Circle the number in the ten thousands place.

Round this number to the nearest ten thousand. Look right next door. 3 6 8, 9 7 1 Draw an arrow to the right of the number.

Round this number to the nearest ten thousand. 4 or less, just ignore. 3 6 8, 9 7 1 8 is larger than 4 so go to the next line of the poem.

Round this number to the nearest ten thousand. 5 or more, add 1 more. +1 3 6 8, 9 7 1 Add 1 to the 6.

Round this number to the nearest ten thousand. 5 or more, add 1 more. 3 7 0, 0 0 0 Add 1 to the 6 and all the numbers to the right of the 7 become 0’s.

The Answer 368, 971 rounded to the nearest ten thousand is 3 7 0, 0 0 0

Round this number to the nearest thousand. Find your number. 3 5, 3 2 7 Circle the number in the thousands place.

Round this number to the nearest thousand. Look right next door. 3 5, 3 2 7 Draw an arrow to the right of the number.

Round this number to the nearest thousand. 4 or less, just ignore. 3 5, 3 2 7 Since 3 is less than 4 we do not change the 5.

Round this number to the nearest thousand. 4 or less, just ignore. 3 5, 0 0 0 Change the numbers to left of 5 to 0’s.

The Answer 35, 327 rounded to the nearest thousand is 3 5, 0 0 0

Round this number to the nearest dollar. Find your number. $ 5. 8 7 Circle the number where the dollars are.

Round this number to the nearest dollar. Look right next door. $ 5. 8 7 Draw an arrow to the right of the circled number.

Round this number to the nearest dollar. 4 or less, just ignore. $ 5. 8 7 8 is greater than 4 so go to the next line of the poem.

Round this number to the nearest dollar. 5 or more, add 1 more. +1 $ 5. 8 7 Since 8 is greater than 5 add 1 to the 5.

Round this number to the nearest dollar. 5 or more, add 1 more. $ 6. 0 0 Change the 5 to a 6 and change all the numbers to the right to 0’s.

The Answer $5. 87 rounded to the nearest dollar is $ 6. 0 0

Practice Rounding

Round to the Nearest Hundred a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 478 696 233 713 485 778 452 305 841 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 500 700 200 700 500 800 500 300 800

Round to the Nearest Thousand a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 1, 715 5, 475 6, 562 3, 470 9, 025 5, 789 8, 543 4, 007 2, 800 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 2, 000 5, 000 7, 000 3, 000 9, 000 6, 000 9, 000 4, 000 3, 000

Round to the Nearest Ten Thousand a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 48, 253 61, 744 54, 769 35, 535 48, 600 70, 209 15, 437 49, 036 68, 703 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 50, 000 60, 000 50, 000 40, 000 50, 000 70, 000 20, 000 50, 000 70, 000

Round to the Nearest Hundred Thousand a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 516, 573 430, 001 112, 786 807, 921 576, 439 156, 748 856, 125 239, 875 186, 093 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 500, 000 400, 000 100, 000 800, 000 600, 000 200, 000 900, 000 200, 000

Rounding Money Word Problems

• Mary bought two boxes of crackers for $0. 99 each and a pound of grapes for $1. 29. About how much did she spend? • About $3. 00

• Martin has 4 quarters and 2 dimes. About how much money does he have? • $1. 00

• At the taco stand, Jaleel bought a taco for $2. 75 and a drink for $0. 95. About how much did he spend? • $3. 00

• M 4. A. 3. 1. 3 Estimate the answer to addition, subtraction and multiplication problems using whole numbers through 6 digits (for multiplication, no more than 2 digits X 1 digit, excluding powers of 10).

PSSA Sample Item

PSSA Sample Item

PSSA Sample Item

Estimating the Answer • Estimates are not exact numbers. To identify estimates, look for numbers that have been rounded, or look for clues such as almost, over, or about.

Exact Numbers or Estimates? Example • Mount Rushmore National Memorial, the famous sculpture of 4 American presidents, was started in 1927. It was finished 14 years later and cost almost $1, 000. 00 to make! Mount Rushmore is over 5, 500 ft. high. Each head is about 60 ft. tall. 1. In what year was the sculpture started? 2. How tall is each president’s head? 3. How many presidents are on Mount Rushmore?

Refer to the paragraph about Mount Rushmore 4. Is the year 1927 an exact number or an estimate? How do you know? 5. Is it correct to say that the sculpture cost exactly $1, 000. 00 to make? Why or why not? 6. In what year was the sculpture completed? Is your answer an exact answer or an estimate? 7. Why is it important to know if numbers are exact or if they are estimates?

Answer each question. Give a reason for your choice. Mount Rushmore National Memorial is off Highway 244 and is about 25 miles from Rapid City, South Dakota. The memorial is open 24 hours a day. Each year, more than 2, 500, 000 people come to view the sculpture. 1. Which number below is used as an estimate? a. 2, 500, 000 visitors b. Highway 244 c. 24 hours a day

2. Which number below is used as an exact number? a. 2, 500, 000 visitors b. 25 miles c. 24 hours a day 3. How many miles is Mount Rushmore from Rapid City? a. exactly 25 miles b. about 25 miles c. 244 miles

Estimate by rounding to the greatest place value a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 32 + 27 = 52 – 37 = 86 – 43 = 763 – 214 = 3, 564 + 758 = 7, 638 + 3, 879 = 2, 375 + 4, 680 = 24, 316 + 13, 452 = 47, 865 + 26, 527 = a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 60 10 50 600 3, 000 10, 000 7, 000 30, 000 80, 000