Lecture A 1 English Phonetics Phonology Phonetics and

Lecture A 1 English Phonetics & Phonology

Phonetics and Phonology • • • Phonetics? Phonology? What’s the difference? Why do we study Phonetics/Phonology? Theory VS. Practice

Phonetics? Phonology? • Phonetics… “the science of speech sound” • Phonology… “how sounds pattern and function in a given language” • Our focus… Understanding phonetics and how to apply English Phonology to improve English listening and pronunciation

Study… of sounds? ? ? • How do people make sounds? • Are these ways the same for all languages? • Why do language learners make mistakes with pronunciation? Or have challenges when listening?

Making Sounds • Remember these: • • Throat (voice)… Nose (nasal) Mouth (lips, teeth)… Tongue…

Languages • Different languages use the speech apparatus differently. • For example… ▫ If I speak Korean using tongue, mouth and nasal actions like English… it would sound strange/incorrect. ▫ The same works in reverse.

Fixing Pronunciation? • Most pronunciation problems can be fixed by correcting how we use the ‘speech apparatus’. • This is what we consider English Phonetics and Phonology “in practice”.

Discussion. • With your classmates… • Talk about your challenges in English pronunciation… • …and challenges in understanding spoken English (listening comprehension) • Be ready to share with the class

What about theory? • Before we start learning about ways to fix pronunciation, let’s talk about some of the basics in Phonetics and Phonology theory. • What is theory?

Theory is… • “a set of principles on which the practice of an activity is based” • Our activity? Phonetics and Phonology • Theory in Phonetics and Phonology will help us understand how to better study this subject.

Topic #1 • Accents and dialects in English • What is an accent? • What is a dialect? • Are they different?

Accent? Dialect? • Accents are… different ways a language is pronounced. • Dialects are ways a language differs in grammar and vocabulary. • Language variety is a combination of both of these.

Language Variety • Or… “Language Variation” • Regional variation…(where someone lives) • Social variation… (social status, age, gender, ethnicity, religion) • These are different types of language variation. There are more… but don’t worry about that now!

Discussion. • What are the different accents used in Korea? • What about dialects? • Can you share examples of regional and social variation? • Be ready to share with the class!

“Range” of Language Variation • Social variation… ▫ Working class, middle class, upper-middle class, elite • Regional (or geographical) variation… ▫ City, country-side, rich neighborhood… • The 3 “-lects” ▫ Basilects ▫ Mesolects ▫ Acrolects

Who is this?

Listen to Donald Trump. • Try to describe what his “variation” is. • Social… • Regional… • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_a. Fo_BVUz. I

Let’s talk about the UK. • What makes the UK? • What does it mean to have a British accent? • “Prestige” accent • RP

Let’s hear the difference. • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=v 0 j. M 9 JF 3 F v. Q • From 영국남자

RP = Received Pronunciation • Also called… “The Queen’s English” • Considered the language of the educated • Prestige Accent • Not regional

Prestige Accent… • In Korea? • Famous Koreans using a prestige accent? • USA? • Where does the prestige accent come from in the USA?

RP? Northern Shift? • Also called… non-regional pronunciation • Non-regional pronunciation (NRP) ▫ “a pronunciation which cannot be pinned down to a specific area. ”

World Englishes • What type of English is taught most in Korea? • Why? • What about English students studying in Europe, Africa, India and other parts of Asia (Hong Kong, for example)?

English in the USA • “General American” (GA) (from the North) • Sometimes called… “Network American” • GA/Network American is the target English for Television, Radio and Hollywood

Other types of English? • What are some other types of English?

Many different types of English… • …but… • Standard forms are quite similar. • Of course there are differences BUT the similarities are QUITE interesting. • The most widespread form of international communication that has ever existed.

End of A 1 Lecture. • Please make sure to take notes at each lecture. • Compare your notes to the textbook to help prepare for exams.