IWG Tyre GTR High Speed Harmonization LTC Transmitted

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C Transmitted by the expert from ETRTO Informal Document TYREGTR-16 -xx (Moscow, 7 -9 June 2017, agenda item 4. 3) IWG Tyre GTR: LT/C High Speed Test Harmonization ETRTO/JATMA/RMA/ITTAC Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 1

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C I. AGENDA TYRE GTR – Status & Forward Plan II. Problem Statement: Test Type Differences III. Problem Statement: High Speed Test Harmonisation IV. Industry Approach v Assessment of FMVSS 139 High Speed vs R 54 Load/Speed v Scenario Elaboration v “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed test V. Conclusions and Recommendations Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 2

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C I. TYRE GTR – STATUS & Forward Plan Harmonization of the Passenger tyre standards GTR #16 established in the Global Registry on Nov 13 th 2014 ECE/TRANS/180/Add. 16 Amendment 1: Alignment of GTR #16 to other regulations annexed to the 1958 agreements, & FMVSS The proposal for Amendment 1 to UN GTR on Tyre (ECE/TRANS/WP. 29/2016/117, ECE/TRANS/WP. 29/2016/71, ECE/TRANS/ WP. 29/AC. 3/42) was established in the UN Global Registry on 17 November 2016 by consensus vote of the Contracting Parties present and voting Amendment 2: Request from Russian Federation to develop the Amendment 2 per ECE/TRANS/WP. 29/2019/52, adopted by AC. 3, March 2017, ECE/TRANS/WP. 29/1129 (a) Addition of new definitions (e) Deletion of non harmonized provisions for LT/C regarding dimensions (b) Harmonization of Load Range Concept (f) Deletion of non harmonized provisions for High Speed test, and addition of new harmonized provisions for these tests (c) PC markings/dimensions update (g) Updates of the annex 3 and 6 (d) FMVSS 139 vs PSI index High Speed harmonization for LT/C main challenge for Amendment 2 timely completion Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 3

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C II. Problem Statement Market Share LT/C per Speed Symbol and Region Significant share of LT/C with SS <‘Q’ in Japan, India, and with SS > ‘Q’ in Europe, US, India Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 4

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C II. Problem Statement: Test Type Differences High Speed/Endurance Regulatory Requirements – Regulations in Compendium Speed Symbol/Tread Depth FMVSS UN-ECE R 54 <‘Q’ / <18/32” Endurance Low Pressure High Speed None <‘Q’ / >= 18/32” FMVSS 119 Endurance >= ‘Q’ / <18/32” Endurance None Low Pressure >=‘Q’ / >=18/32 High Speed FMVSS 119 Endurance None High Speed Japan India Europ e US India Partial matching of test type requirements between US and UN-ECE Unlikely Acceptance by CP’s to remove actual requirements because of different services in different countries Addition of tests types to encompass current local requirements will result in non value added burden and product reengineerin Challenge: Consolidation of different test types while keeping regional proven safety without adding significant unnecessary burden Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 5

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C III. Problem Statement: High Speed Test Harmonisation Comparison: R 54 vs FMVSS 139 High Speed Tests Load/Speed/Duration/Inflation/Temperature differences Which Test is the most severe? Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 6

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach Assessment of FMVSS 139 High Speed vs R 54 Load/Speed High Speed Test Comparison Metric: Steps above limit (SAL) - Run tyres on both R 54 and FMVSS 139 HS test to failure - Record the number of SAL’s - The test result with the lowest SAL is the most severe - Like jumping over a bar - The less space between you and the bar the harder the test - Compute the ratio of SAL FMVSS 139 divided by the SAL R 54 - A Ratio > 1 means R 54 HS test is more severe than FMVSS 139 one and reciprocally for the individual tire - Repeat for a wide range of tyres, and cluster by Speed Symbols Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 7

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach Assessment of FMVSS 139 High Speed vs R 54 Load/Speed FMVSS 139 more severe ? R 54 more severe 2010 -2011 Available Results do not allow to decide between R 54 and FMVSS 139 HS tests for ‘R’ (and ‘S’) Speed Symbols Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 8

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach Scenario Elaboration 7 Main scenarios plus 14 variants No Go Impact, Workable No Issue Tire Industry (ETRTO, JATMA, RMA, ITTAC, TC 19) run a survey on 20+ scenarios, based on criterial of assumed CP’s acceptance, Test Capacity requirements and tyre reengineering needs. Proposal to “severize” R 54 HS test for R 54 (<‘T’), and each CP to decide adoption of HS test for <‘Q’ Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 9

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test Conditions Comparison Test Parameters FMVSS 139 R 54 Test Temperature 32 -38 C 20 -30 C Load vs Load Carrying Capacity (LCC) 85% 90% Inflation pressure 91% of maximum 100% of IP for LCC Speed Not indexed Indexed to SS Duration 270’ 60’ Which Load/Inflation combination is more severe? More Severe Equally Severe Less severe Case dependent Which Test Parameters will correspond to the highest severity of R 54/FMVSS 139? Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 10

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test Observation: Maximum Difference in Deflection 0. 5% between FMVSS 139 vs R 54 Load/Inflation Working Hypothesis: Power dissipated in tyre structure function of deflection, for given temperature, test steps speeds and durations Test Parameters FMVSS 139 R 54 Test Temperature 32 -38 C 20 -30 C Deflection Equal Speed Not indexed Indexed to SS Duration 270’ 60’ More Severe Equally Severe Less severe Case dependent Which Test Programme? Severity Comparison reduced to Speed/Durations of Test Steps Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 11

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test First Industry Program: Alignment on FMVSS 139 Lab temperature (35 +/- 3 C) Tyre temperature probed at Critial points in center and shoulder area of the tires Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 12

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test First Industry Program: Alignment on FMVSS 139 Lab temperature (35 +/- 3 C) ‘R’ Speed Symbol ‘Q’ Speed Symbol Indication of Higher Severity for Modified R 54 with Lab Temperature 35 +/-3 C Speed Symbol “R” “Severisation” of ‘Q’ test with temperature not sufficient Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 13

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test First Industry Program: Alignment on FMVSS 139 Lab temperature (35 +/- 3 C) Conclusions of the First program - R 54 test with FMVSS 139 Lab temperature is more severe for ‘R’ Speed Symbol - R 54 test with FMVSS 139 Lab temperature equally severe for ‘Q’ Speed Symbol Recommendations - Extend Test R 54 Test steps vs current ones, with FMVSS 139 Lab temperature Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 14

IV. Industry Approach IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test: Second Industry Program Alignment on FMVSS 139 Lab temperature) and Test step duration increase UN-ECE R 54 Load/Speed Endurance Test temperatures above 20 Deg C Proposed Load/Speed Endurance Test Program Test temperatures 38 C Deg C IP as PSI index HS test LI <=121 & SS Q and above and all "C", "LT" >= 122 LI and >= "Q" Speed symbol “Q” Test drum 1. 7 m 90% load Test drum 2. 0 m 92% load Test drum 1. 7 m 90% load 0 to SS - 20 km/h 10 min 1 st step SS - 20 km/h 10 min 2 nd speed SS - 10 km/h 10 min final speed SS 30 min 3 rd speed SS 60 min Test duration 60 min 4 th speed SS+ 5 km/h 10 min Test duration 100 min Demonstrated more severe test method authorized Reason: - 3 rd step long duration to identify time to reach maximum temperature - 4 th speed step in case 3 rd step not sufficient to reach the FMVSS 139 severity - Test run as SS ‘Q’ since this is the one where FMVSS 139 is clearly more severe than R 54 Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 15

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test: Second Industry Program TEST Program Purpose: Compare the temperature evolution during the FMVSS test and the modified R 54 one Tires 225/70 R 15 C 185 R 14 C Test program - Measure innerliner temperature in the shoulder area Thermovision: Tread and groove temperatures All acquisitions during all test duration. Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 16

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test: Second Industry Program 185 R 14 C 102 Q high speed test The modified ECE R 54 test reaches the temperature attained at the end of the DOT test after 2 minutes in the qualification step (160 kmph). Innerliner Temperature [C] and Speed [km/h] 250 30 min 200 150 87 C after 2 min at 87 C at end of current US 160 km/h (after 32 min cumulated) endurance test (after 4: 10 hr current test) 100 50 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time [s] 4567_proposal_Speed_correct [km/h] 4567_proposal_Innerliner_temp [C] Modified ECE R 54 test more severe than current DOT test (Q) Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 17

IV. Industry Approach IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test: Second Industry Program Middle groove 120. 000 100. 000 80. 000 60. 000 40. 000 20. 000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time [s] 100. 000 80. 000 60. 000 40. 000 20. 000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 Time [s] MA_10 per_4567_old_test_temp_left[C] 25000 185 R 14 C 102 Q high speed test MA_10 per_4567_old_test_temp_middle[C] MA_10 per_4567_proposal_temp_left[C] Temperature [C] Left groove MA_10 per_4567_proposal_temp_middle[C] Right groove 120. 000 100. 000 80. 000 Temperature reached at regulatory end of DOT test [C] Cumulated time to reach the end of DOT test temperature with ECE R 54 modified test Left groove = 88. 9 C 37 min Middle groove = 74. 4 C 30 min Right groove = 91. 1 C 35 min 60. 000 40. 000 20. 000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 Time [s] 25000 MA_10 per_4567_old_test_temp_right[C] MA_10 per_4567_proposal_temp_right[C] The modified ECE R 54 test reaches the temperature attained at the end of the DOT test after 0 -7 minutes in the qualification step (160 kmph). Modified ECE R 54 test more severe than current DOT test (Q) Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 18

IV. Industry Approach IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test: Second Industry Program 225/70 R 15 C 112 R high speed test Innerliner Temperature [C] and Speed [km/h] 200 180 160 96 C at end of current US endurance test (after 4: 10 hr current test) 140 120 The modified ECE R 54 test reaches the temperature attained at the end of the DOT test after 10 minutes in the qualification step (160 kmph). 100 80 60 40 min cumulated required to reach the same 96 C 40 20 30 min 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 Time [s] 4566_proposal_Speed_correct [km/h] 4566_proposal_Innerliner_temp [C] 4566_old_test_Speed_correct[km/h] Modified ECE R 54 test more severe than current DOT test (Q) Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 19

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach Temperature [C] Left groove 150. 000 100. 000 50. 000 Temperature [C] “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test: Second Industry Program 225/70 R 15 C 112 R high speed test 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time [s] Middle groove 100. 000 80. 000 60. 000 40. 000 20. 000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time [s] MA_10 per_4566_old_test_temp_left[C] MA_10 per_4566_old_test_temp_middle[C] MA_10 per_4566_proposal_temp_left[C] MA_10 per_4566_proposal_temp_middle[C] The modified ECE R 54 test reaches the temperature attained at the end of the DOT test after 70 -90 minutes in the qualification step (160 kmph). Right groove 150. 000 100. 000 50. 000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 Temperature reached at regulatory end of DOT test [C] Cumulated time to reach the end of DOT test temperature with ECE R 54 modified test Left groove = 91. 0 C 104 min Middle groove = 79. 5 C 126. Min Right groove = 92. 8 C 116. min 25000 Time [s] MA_10 per_4566_old_test_te mp_right[C]. . . Modified ECE R 54 test more severe than current DOT test (Q) Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 20

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C IV. Industry Approach “Severisation” of R 54 High Speed Test: Second Industry Program Conclusions of the Second program - Temperature criteria for severity comparison Indicates that the “severised” R 54 High Speed Test approach has potential to harmonize the LT/C High Speed Test - However it does not align well with previously used SAL concept to assess relative severity of two tests. However given the scatter of the tire performance, there is no direct contradiction either. Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 21

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C V. Conclusions & Recommendations Conclusions - LT/C High Speed Test Harmonization critical to meet deadlines of GTR amendment 2 submission - First Challenge: Consolidation of different test types while keeping regional proven safety without adding significant unnecessary burden - Second Challenge: Harmonize LT/C High Speed Test Procedures - Industry approach of R 54 “Severisation” promising, but needs to be further elaborated - Recommendations - Propose the approach to the Contracting Parties for agreement - Repeat Second program to bigger range of tire sizes and assess SAL - Register Cavity Temperatures Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 22

IWG Tyre GTR: High Speed Harmonization LT/C THANK YOU! Alain Roesgen - ETRTO 23