Introduction to Instructional Design Instructional Design is a

Introduction to Instructional Design

Instructional Design is a systematic and systemic process for the creation of educational resources. It is often viewed as a "problem solving" process.

For the purpose of this class we will view instructional design as having these basic, separate but connected processes: • Analyzing • Designing • Developing • Implementing • Evaluating

Instructional Design Theory shouldn't be confused with Learning Theory. Instructional design is the link between Learning Theory and the practice of creating instructional resources. Learning Theory Instructional Design Theory describes how learning occurs how to cause learning to occur

Example of Instructional Design Theories/Models

Gagne's approach to instructional design identifies Five Types of Learning: verbal information intellectual skills cognitive strategies motor skills attitudes and Nine instructional Events: gaining attention informing learners of the objective stimulating recall of prior learning presenting the stimulus providing learning guidance eliciting performance providing feedback assessing performance enhancing retention and transfer Gagné, R. M. (1974). Essentials of learning for instruction. (2 nd ed. ). Hinsdale, IL: The Dryden Press. Gagné, R. M. (1977). The conditions of learning. (4 nd ed. ). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc.

Dick and Carey (uses Gange's learning outcomes) http: //www. personal. psu. edu/users/m/r/mrs 331/dickcarey. gif Dick and Carey developed a model for instructional development with five steps: analysis design development implementation evaluation

Seels and Glasgow http: //www. personal. psu. edu/users/m/r/mrs 331/seelsglasgownovice. gif Much like other instructional design processes (ADDIE), but includes project management as an overarching concern and has some of the processes occurring simultaneously. Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation

Hannafin and Peck Model In this model, all of the phases involve a process of evaluation and revision.

Knirk and Gustafson Model A three stage process which includes problem determination, design and development.

Jerrold/Kemp Model HOLISTIC: Virtually all factors in the learning environment are taken into consideration including subject analysis, learner characteristics, learning objectives, teaching activities, resources (computers, books, etc. ), support services and evaluation. The process is iterative and the design is subject to constant revision.

Gerlach and Ely Model A prescriptive model that is well suited to K-12 and higher education. It is meant for novice instructional designers who have knowledge and expertise in a specific context. The model includes strategies for selecting and including media within instruction. It also handles the allocation of resources.

Rapid Prototyping - Tripp & Bichelmeyer etc. http: //it. coe. uga. edu/studio/seminars/rpmodel. html A user-centered design approach in which users participate in a rapid, iterative series of tryout and revision cycles during the design of a system or a product until an acceptable version is created.

ANALYSIS OF ID MODELS n n n Compare the models in terms of scope of the process involved Identify the model(s) that will be most popular and least popular in your workplace; and why Which one do you like best and why

Studying Instructional Design VS. Doing Instructional Design