Introduction of Heavyduty Vehicle Energysaving Standards in China

Introduction of Heavy-duty Vehicle Energysaving Standards in China Automotive Technology & Research Center (CATARC) Jan. 2019 Zheng Tianlei

Contents 1 Overall Situation 2 Status quo of FC standards for HDVs 3 Future Work 4 2

Overall Background n In recent years, China auto industry develops rapidly, and PCs and CVs both increase at high speed. In 2017, the auto production is 29. 01 M，and sales is 28. 88 M. Vehicle Sales Volume in China from 2011 -2017 growth Rate Source：CAAM PV 5. 2% 7. 1% 15. 7% 9. 9% 7. 3% 15. 3% 1. 4% CV -6. 3% -5. 5% 6. 4% -6. 5% -9. 0% 5. 8% 13. 9% 3

Overall Market Forecast n By 2020, sales will exceed 30 million. n By 2025, sales will exceed 35 million. Market Scale Forecast in China till 2025 2006 -2025年中国汽车市场规模预测 × 10000 Sales Volume Growth Rate Source：CAAM 4

Overall Energy Situation Energy conservation and environmental protection pressure is relatively high, and China’s outer dependency for oil rises to 67. 4% in 2017, higher than the guard line 50%. 65. 4% 70. 0% 60. 0% 49. 8% 52. 0% 53. 7% 56. 5% 58. 1% 58. 0% 59. 6% 60. 6% 50. 0% 2017 Market inventory of vehicles hits 217 million units 40. 0% 30. 0% 20. 0% 10. 0% 8. 14% 0. 0% 2008 4. 42% 2009 3. 27% 2010 5. 21% 2011 依存度 7. 92% 2. 65% 2012 2. 58% 0. 17% 2013 2014 1. 68% 2015 2016 增幅 • Vehicles with GVW more than 3. 5 ton takes up nearly 10%. As high fuel consumption and long annual distance, HDV nearly consumed half of total oil consumption of all vehicles. 5

Overall The Guidance document Medium and Long Term Development Plan(2017) The average fuel consumption for new PCs need to reach the target of 5. 0 L/100 km, CVs approach the international advanced level by 2020… NEVs energy consumption reach international advanced level The average fuel consumption for new PCs need to reach the target of 4. 0 L/100 km, CVs reach the international advanced level by 2020… NEVs energy consumption reach international leading level 6

Overall Standard System Label Energy consumption label for (light-duty) vehicles Limits of fuel consumption for PCs (I~III) Limits of fuel consumption for HDCVs (I) Fuel consumption evaluation methods and targets for PCs (III~IV)Limits of fuel consumption for LDCVs (I~III) of fuel consumption for HDCVs (II) Limits of fuel consumption for HDCVs (III) Fuel consumption measurement methods for. Fuel LDVs consumption measurement methods for HDCVs Energy consumption test method for HDVs (HEV) Test Energy consumption test method for LDVs (HEV) Methods Energy consumption and driving range test method for EVs Fuel consumption test methods for CNG vehicles Light-duty Vehicle Heavy-duty Vehicle (M 1、M 2+N 1 ≤ 3. 5 T) (M 2、M 3、N 2、N 3，＞ 3. 5 T) 7

Status Quo Overall progress n Establishing and Implement status in China 2008~ 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2010 Items Test method FC limits (the 1 st stage ) Establishing Issued in 2011 FC limits (the 2 nd stage ) Establishing Issued in 2014 FC limits (the 3 rd stage ) Establishing Issued in 2018 Implement of new vehicle type Implement of vehicle type under producing 8

Status Quo Vehicle types n Apply to vehicles with GVW above 3. 5 t (except special work vehicle) Industry standard （the first stage） National standard （the second stage） Truck √ √ Bus √ √ Semi-trailer tractor √ √ City bus × √ Dumper × √ Special transport vehicle √ √ Special work vehicle × × Vehicle type 9

Status Quo Current test methods FC of HDVS Basic types Chassis dyno tests Variant types Coastdown data or recommended values Simulation Engine data C-WTVC City, rural and highway FC Weighted factors Combined FC 10

Status Quo Current test methods • FC of basic types and HEVs could be tested according to chassis dyna testing. • FC of variant types could be calculated. • Based on the engine data, FC is calculated by inputting resistance and other parameters. Page 11

Status Quo Driving Cycle o C-WTVC driving cycle, adjusted velocity and acceleration based on WTVC. [b] o Weighted factors were determined based on survey data. Vehicle type GVW/GCW City Rural Motorway Semi-trailer tractor 9 t-25 t 0 40% 60% 27 t above 0 10% 90% Dumper 3. 5 t above 0 100% 0 3. 5 -5. 5 t 40% 20% 5. 5 -12. 5 t 10% 60% 30% 12. 5 -25 t 10% 40% 50% 25以上 10% 30% 60% 3. 5 -5. 5 t 50% 25% 5. 5 -12. 5 t 20% 30% 50% 12. 5 above 10% 20% 70% 3. 5 t above 100% 0 0 Truck [b] As China do not have driving cycle of HD, thus WHDC was modified and adopted. Bus City bus P a ge

Status Quo Phase 3 limits n In Feb. 2018, the SAC issued the GB 30510 -2018 “Fuel consumption limits for heavy-duty commercial vehicles” (Phase 3) China proposes that fuel consumption of HDVs will approach the international advanced level by 2020 u Regulation comparison with US, EU and Japan. u Test methods comparison and conversion Feasibility analysis Energysaving target in 2020 u Energy saving technology potential analysis u Energy saving technology costs analysis 13

Status Quo Phase 3 limits n The evaluation system is consistent with the Phase 2 limits: the L/100 km is taken as the evaluation unit, the fuel consumption limits are determined by different groups based on the GVW. Units Basic parameters System Limits forms L/100 km GVW Limits for single vehicle types Stepped limits Corporate averaging Linear limits L/1000(km · t) L/1000(km · persons) 14

Status Quo Phase 3 limits n Trucks (for example) n The limits decline 11. 5~15. 4% to the phase 2 limits. n 5. 0~16. 8% (avg. 9. 5%) of current vehicle types can meet the limits. 货车 二阶段 三阶段 降幅 3 500＜GVW≤ 4 500 13. 0 11. 5 a -11. 5% 4 500＜GVW≤ 5 500 14. 0 12. 2 a -12. 9% 5 500＜GVW≤ 7 000 16. 0 13. 8 a -13. 8% 7 000＜GVW≤ 8 500 19. 0 16. 3 a -14. 2% 8 500＜GVW≤ 10 500 21. 5 18. 3 a -14. 9% 10 500＜GVW≤ 12 500 25. 0 21. 3 a -14. 8% 12 500＜GVW≤ 16 000 28. 0 24. 0 -14. 3% 16 000＜GVW≤ 20 000 31. 5 27. 0 -14. 3% 20 000＜GVW≤ 25 000 37. 5 32. 5 -13. 3% 25 000＜GVW≤ 31 000 43. 0 37. 5 -12. 8% 31 000＜GVW 45. 5 38. 5 -15. 4% a 对于汽油车，其限值是表中相应限值乘以 1. 2，求 得的数值圆整（四舍五入）至小数点后一位。 15

Future Work 1、The driving cycle in current standard is inconsistence with the characteristics of the actual driving condition in China and the differences become larger and larger. 2、Current regulations can’t accurately evaluate new technology, such like technologies for new energy vehicle. China Cycle(CATC) n CATC was issued by MIIT and comanaged by MIIT and other 4 departments. CATARC was entrusted to organize specialists for a three-year deep research. The project investment is closed to 100 million RMB and collected driving data over 50 million km. 3、There are increasingly loud calls for developing China test driving cycle. 16

Future Work China Cycle(CATC) n On the basis of data analysis, after many discussions with main OEMs, the China cycles for HDVs have been finished：City Buses（CHTC-B）, Buses（except City Buses（CHTC-C）, Trucks（GVW≤ 5500 kg, CHTC-LT）, Trucks（GVW＞ 5500 kg, CHTC-HT）, Dumpers（CHTC-D）, Semi-trailer-tractors（CHTC-S）. 17

Future Work Test method revising Test Method Simulation Procedure Cycle Special Test Basic Test ambient conditions CATC（Priority） Interface and compatibility improvements testing mass MT shift rules CHTC-B（City Bus） CHTC-C（Bus） CHTC-D（Dumper） CHTC-S（Semi-trailer Tractors） CHTC-LT（Truck 3. 5 t~5. 5 t） CHTC-HT（ Truck >5. 5 t) resistance tests payload Algorithm adjustment vehicle family Discussing Basic tests Trucks AC ON Bus Low Temp. Semitrailer Tractors Dumper High alt. City bus Aggressive driving Special vehicles for transportati on Special vehicles for operating Trailer 18

Future Work 2019 -2021 Phase 3 limits implements 2020 -2021 New method issues schedule 202 X New method implements for new vehicle types Phase 4 limits establish based on new method 202 X New method implements for all vehicle types 2025 Phase 4 limits implements Other influences (like China 6 pollutant standards) 19

THANK YOU. Thanks for listening！ 20