A HeavyDuty Vehicle Visual Classification Scheme HeavyDuty Vehicle

A Heavy-Duty Vehicle Visual Classification Scheme: Heavy-Duty Vehicle Reclassification Method for Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Development Prepared for CEE 6792 Seungju Yoon

OUTLINE n n n n n Background Objectives Current HDV classification schemes HDV weight regulation HDV manufacturers’ information Current methods of HDV reclassification A new HDV reclassification scheme Emissions rates analysis Uncertainties Recommendations

BACKGROUND n n n Atlanta highly depends goods movement (60% of consumer goods) on freight trucks emitting major mobile NOX and DPM, comparing to other metropolitan areas in U. S. Air Quality agencies should develop accurate mobile source emissions inventory for regional air quality planning Current HDV reclassification method (EPA) causes loosing the find resolution of the FHWA classes HDV on HPMS database

OBJECTIVES Develop a new HDV reclassification method using GT visual HDV classification scheme and POLK data within 21 counties in Atlanta n Compare pollutant emissions rates from the new HDV reclassification method to them from EPA reclassification method n

EPA HDV CLASSIFICATION (1) Combination of growth vehicle weight ratings (GVWR) and fuel type (gasoline or diesel) n Sixteen HDV classes n v Classes 6 to 13 for gasoline vehicles v Classes 16 to 23 for diesel vehicles

EPA HDV CLASSIFICATION (2) HDV Classes Abbreviation 6/16 HDV 2 b 7/17 HDV 3 8/18 HDV 4 9/19 HDV 5 10/20 HDV 6 11/21 HDV 7 12/22 HDV 8 a 13/23 HDV 8 b GVWR (1, 000 lbs) 8. 5 – 10. 0 – 14. 0 – 16. 0 – 19. 5 – 28. 0 – 33. 0 – 60. 0 > 60. 0

FHWA HDV CLASSIFICATION (1) Combination of the number of axles and tractor-trailer configurations n Nine HDV classes n v Single units (Class 5, two-axles, six-tires) v Single units (Classes 6 to 7) v Double units (Classes 8 to 10) v Multiple units (Classes 11 to 13)

FHWA HDV CLASSIFICATION (2)

GT VISUAL HDV CLASSIFICATION Combination of the number of axles and tractor-trailer configurations according to their horsepower ratings n Four HDV classes n v Class A (Single unit, two-axles) v Class B (Single unit, +two-axles) v Class C (Two units, three or four-axles) v Class D (+two units, +four-axles)

FHWA HDV GVWR REGULATIONS A single axle: 20, 000 lbs n A tandem axle: 34, 000 lbs n Two axle HDV: 40, 000 lbs n Three axle HDV: 60, 000 lbs n Four axles and more HDV: 80, 000 lbs n

HDV MANUFACTURERS’ INFO (1) Gasoline HDV GVW GCW Axles Tires Light (pick-ups/vans) 10, 000 - 2 4 Light (chassis-cabs/ cutaways) Medium 15, 000 - 2 6 34, 000 60, 000 2 6 Heavy 54, 000 60, 000 3

HDV MANUFACTURERS’ INFO (2) Diesel HDV GVW GCW Axles Tires Light (pick-ups/vans) 10, 000 - 2 4 Light (chassis-cabs/ cutaways) 15, 000 - 2 6 Medium 34, 000 60, 000 2 6 Heavy 64, 000 80, 000 3

CURRENT RECLASSIFICATION METHODS (1) n EPA method v Combine all FHWA HDV classes and apportion EPA HDV classes according to these local or national VMT fractions FHWA 6 FHWA 7 FHWA --- FHWA 5 6 7 --- VMT FRACTIONS HPMS DATABASE FHWA 5 EPA 6 EPA 7 EPA 17 EPA ---

CURRENT RECLASSIFICATION METHODS (2) n National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) method v Apply conversion factors, which were developed from the national VMT fractions of FHWA classes, for FHWA HDV classes to EPA HDV classes or vise versa

VEHICLES FRACTIONS ON POLK DATA Axle Vehicle Type EPA Vehicle Classes (1, 000 lbs) 10 14 16 19. 5 26 33 60 >60 2 Chassis-cab 0. 45 0. 54 0. 00 2 Incomplete VEH 0. 38 0. 16 0. 02 0. 05 0. 00 2 Incomplete P/U 0. 98 0. 02 2, 3 Straight truck 3 Tractor 0. 00 0. 08 - - - - - 0. 15 0. 07 0. 26 0. 21 0. 02 0. 21 - 0. 00 0. 11 0. 89 -

NEW RECLASSIFICATION METHOD MAPPING CLASSES USING POLK DATA POLK Vehicles EPA, GVWR (1, 000 lbs) 10 14 16 19. 5 26 33 60 >60 Chassis-cab Incomplete VEH Incomplete P/U GT Classes A & B Straight truck Tractor GT Classes C & D

MAPPING CONVRSION FACTORS GT Classes A&B C&D EPA Classes 6 --- 22 23 0. 13231 0. 11653 --- 0 0 0 7 0 --- 0. 61846 0. 30704

VEHICLE VOLUE COLLECTION (1)

VEHICLE VOLUE COLLECTION (2) n Daily vehicle miles traveled on Interstates and principal Arterials within 21 counties in Atlanta GT Classes Interstates Principal Arterials A&B 2, 653, 802 786, 735 C&D 5, 165, 028 1, 617, 494

EMISSIONS RATE ESTIMATION (1) ER = emissions rate (ton/day) Er = emissions rates from Mobile 6 (g/mi-veh) CF = conversion factors from POLK data Vol = Vehicle volumes RL = roadway segment lengths i = gasoline vehicles j = road segments k = diesel vehicles

EMISSIONS RATE ESTIMATION (2) Pollutants VOC CO NOX PM 2. 5 GT Method EPA Method Change (%) (ton/day) 4. 0 3. 7 8. 1 45. 6 60. 0 - 24. 0 172. 3 146. 2 17. 9 3. 0 2. 5 20. 0

UNCERTAINTIES Regional vehicle registration distributions from POLK data may differ from the national registration distribution n The percentages of articulated straight trucks and tractors were not known n FHWA Class 5 may loose EPA Class HDV 2 b (GVWR, 10, 000 lbs) n

RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH WORKS GT visual HDV classification scheme is very useful to identify the HDV classes n GT visual HDV scheme is the hybrid scheme of EPA and FHWA HDV classification schemes n Fine tuning GT classes to EPA classes requires field data collection (GVWR by GT vehicle classes) n

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Funded by Georgia Regional Transportation Authority n Co-authored with Peng Zhang, James R. Pearson, Randall L. Guensler, and Michael O. Rodgers in Air Quality Laboratory, Transportation Research Group n Be sent to AWMA conference in 2004 n