INPC 2013 Firenze Italy 2 7 July 2013

INPC 2013, Firenze, Italy, 2 -7 July 2013 Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions A theoretical overview on hard & soft probes of dense matter Xin-Nian Wang Central China Normal University Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1

QCD: Theory for strong interaction • SU(3) gauge symmetry (non-Abelian) • Asymptotic freedom at short distance • Confinement at long distance • Chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking • Goldstone boson and chiral condensate • Scale and UA(1) anomaly • ….

Phase structure of QCD Matter 3

EOS from lattice QCD See talk by Karsch (P 7) Fodor et al. 2006 (Wuppertal-Budapest) At T ~ 5 Tc, e still 80% of the Stefan-Boltzmann value: quasi-particle modes at high T 4

QGP in heavy-ion collisions High T, m confinement De-confinement nucleus quark-gluon plasma (QGP) RHIC LHC 5

Standard evolution of A+A collisions 6

Hard and soft probes Pb-Pb pp reference soft probes hard probes 7

Jet Transport in Medium. . k Liang, Zhou & XNW 2008 Color Lorentz force Multiple scattering Transverse momentum broadening: Jet radiative energy loss: Jet transport coefficient: Guo & XNW’ 00 p. QCD (BDMPS’ 96) Ad. S/CFT (Liu, Rajagopal &Wideman’ 06) lattice QCD (Majumder’ 12)

Jet Quenching phenomena at RHIC Pedestal&flow subtracted See talks by Ulrich & Giubellino (P 10) STAR Preliminary

Jet transport coefficient Chen, Greiner, Wang, XNW, Xu （2010） RHIC from DIS Deng &XNW 2010

Jet quenching at LHC Muller, Schukfrat & Wyslouch 2012 11

Running coupling in jet quenching 2013 12

Dijet asymmetry at LHC 13

Dijet asymmetry at LHC Qin & Muller’ 2012 Young, Schenke, Jeon & Gale, 2012 He, Vitev & Zhang’ 2012 14

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Multiple scattering & angular ordering Formation time Color coherence is rapidly lost in medium, independent emission is enhanced by L/tf Multi-scattering Many-body int. Blaizot, Dominguez, Iancu, Mehtar-Tani’ 12 Mehta-Tani, Salgado, Tywoniuk’ 10 Hydrodynamics 17

Collective flow of QGP • Hydrodynamic: – a low-momentum effective theory – Inputs from first principle QCD (lattice QCD) Eo. S p(e), transport coefficients x(T), z(T) (? ? ) – Initial condition: parton prod. & thermalization 18

Transport properties of QCD matter pion gas Arnold, Moore & Yaffe 2003 Prakash’ 93 Bluhm, Kampfer & Redlich 2010 Ad. S/CFT Lattice QCD: Nakamura & Sakai 2005; Meyer 2007

Initial conditions for hydro 2 D fluctuating geometry: MC- Glauber, MC-KLN 2 D fluctuating geometry + QM: IP-Glasma 3 D fluctuating geometry +QM: HIJING, AMPT, Ne. Xus MC (3+1)D ideal hydro with AMPT initial condition (Pang & XNW) y h x x 20

Anisotropic flow of QGP Little Bang See talk by L. Roy (G 3) Big Bang 21

Effects of tran. & long. fluctuations Pang & XNW 2012 No fluct Trans. only Full fluct Dh>2. 5 22

Anisotropic flow & relics of minijets Pang & XNW 2013 23

Anisotropic flow & relics of minijets Pang & XNW 2013 24

Viscosity of QGP in A+A collisions Heinz & Song 2010 Gale, Jeon, Schenke, Tribedy & Venugopalan 2013 Fluctuation + viscous hydro required to fit all vn Viscosity at LHC is larger than at RHIC See talk by Schenke ( Wednesday, IUPAP prize) 25

QGP in p+p & p+A collisions? p+p @ 7 Te. V Collective flow in high multiplicity events of p+p & p. A? But no jet quenching! Werner et al ‘ 12, Bozek & Broniowski’ 13 Maybe from initial state: glasma? Venugapalan & Dusling et al, ‘ 12 But large values of v 3! See talks by Roland (G 1) 26

Summary Hard probes and anisotropic flows provide unprecedented constraints on the transport properties of the s. QGP in A+A Future: mapping out T-dependence at RHIC & LHC Bluhm, Kampfer & Redlich 2010 RHIC Ad. S/CFT Majumder, Muller & XNW 200727

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Hydro dynamics of dense matter c. S EOS of QGP 30

Phase structure of QCD matter Fluctuation and Tc 31

Quark number scaling of v 2 Anisotropic flow STAR: Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 052302(04) n: valence quark 32

Hard probes of dense matter Jet quenching via parton energy loss 33