Information System Turns data into information and includes

資訊系統 (Information System): Turns data into information and includes: n Hardware , system software, and application software n Documentation and training materials n Job roles associated with the system n Controls (parts of software), to prevent theft or fraud n The people who use the software to perform their jobs Slide 1. 2

Chapter 1 系統發展環境 Slide 1. 3

Introduction • Methodologies: are a sequence of step by step approaches that help develop your final product • Techniques: are processes that you, as an analyst, will follow to help ensure that your work is well through out, complete, and comprehensible (可理 解的). • Tools: are computer programs that make it easy to use specific techniques. Slide 1. 6

A modern Approach to System Analysis & Design 系統的定義 Constraints Purpose Slide 1. 7

A modern Approach to System Analysis & Design • A system is an interrelated set of business procedures used within one business unit working together for a purpose • A system exists within an environment • A boundary separates a system from its environment Slide 1. 8

A modern Approach to System Analysis & Design 以系統來解析一個速食店 - Slide 1. 9

A modern Approach to System Analysis & Design • 資訊系統包含的三個基本要件 資料 ( Data )、資料處理流程 ( Data Flow ) 、處理邏輯(Processing Logic) Slide 1. 12

A modern Approach to System Analysis & Design • 流程導向的資訊系統設計方法 (Process-Oriented approach) 分析重點在 output 及 processing logic Slide 1. 13

A modern Approach to System Analysis & Design • 資料導向的資訊系統設計方法 (Data-Oriented approach) Slide 1. 14

Your Role and Other Organizational Responsibilities in system development • 資訊系統發展團隊的組織架構與職責 資訊系統部門在企業內之組織定位 1) Belong to functional department 2) IS department Slide 1. 15

Your Role and Other Organizational Responsibilities in system development 人員職責 應用軟體 開發是一種專案 ( Project ) 之推動 , 專 案成員應包含不同技能背景的成員(IS managers, Programmers, Users, and other specialists…) , 並應以團隊合作的方式達成目標 系統發展經理人 : 資源之規劃 、管理、… Slide 1. 17

Your Role and Other Organizational Responsibilities in system development 系統分析人員: Study problems and needs of an organization Determine best approach to improving organization through use of: n. People n. Methods n. Information technology Help system users and managers define their requirements for new or enhanced systems Assess options for system implementation n. In-house development n. Outsourced development and operation n. Commercial application For in-house projects, work on a team of analysts and developers Slide 1. 18

Your Role and Other Organizational Responsibilities in system development 系統分析人員應具備四種技能 • 分析之技能(Analytical Skill) - 應強調系統性之思考 ( System Thinking ) • 技術方面之知識(Technical Skill) - 涵蓋資訊科技之潛力與限制 • 管理技能(Management Skill) - 包含專案、資源、風險及權變 ( Change ) • 人際關係(Interpersonal Skill) - 之主要對象為系統之最終使用者(End User) Slide 1. 19

分析能力(Analytical Skills) 四種分析能力 ØSystem Thinking, 系統化的思考 ØOrganizational Knowledge, 產業相關的法規、業務知識 ØProblem Identification, 找出問題癥結 ØProblem analyzing and Solving, 分析問題並提出解決對策 Slide 1. 20

技術能力(Technical Skills) 技術能力基本項目 – Microcomputer, workstation, … – Programming Language – OS, DBMS, Data communication, Computer Network – System Development Tools and Environment – DSS generators and Data analysis tools Slide 1. 21

人際溝通技能 (interpersonal skills) 人際溝通技能 3溝通能力 Ø面談(Interviewing), Listening, & Questionnaires ØWritten & Oral Presentation 3與系統發展團隊合作共事 ØHigh performance team 3化解岐異達成共同目標 Øeffective meeting Slide 1. 23

The Systems Development Life Cycle • Project Identification and Selection – An organization’s total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arrange. 企業整體需求 需要發展的系統 Slide 1. 27

The Systems Development Life Cycle • Project Initiation and Planning – A potential information systems project is explained an argument for continuing or not continuing with the project is presented; a detailed plan is also developed for conducting the remaining phases of the SDLC for the proposed system. Slide 1. 28

The Systems Development Life Cycle • Analysis The current system is studied and alternative replacement systems are proposed. Requirement determination Study the procedure and information system Structure them and eliminate any redundancies Generate alternative Slide 1. 29

The Systems Development Life Cycle • Logical Design All functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform. Slide 1. 30

The Systems Development Life Cycle • Physical Design The logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished. Slide 1. 31

The Systems Development Life Cycle • Implementation The information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization. Slide 1. 32

The Systems Development Life Cycle • Maintenance An information system is systematically repaired and improved. Slide 1. 33

The Systems Development Life Cycle Validation Verification Testing Planning Analysis Design Implementation System Slide 1. 39

Prototyping Methodologies Slide 1. 45

資訊系統開發模式 螺旋模式 (Spiral Model) 2 3 1 4 Slide 1. 52

資訊系統開發模式 • 和使用單位合作開發 ( Joint Application Design; JAD ) A structured process in which users, managers, and analysts work together for several days in a series of intensive meetings to specify or review system requirement. 強調密集的 JAD 會議 • 參與式設計 ( Participatory Design ) 每一個使用單位 均要被邀請參與系統之分析、 設計 作, 並擁有地位相等之發言權 Slide 1. 58