Indirect Commands Jussive Noun Clauses Wheelock Chapter 36

Indirect Commands (Jussive Noun Clauses) Wheelock Chapter 36

What command forms do you know so far? • Imperatives – Duc mē! – Sequere tē! – Nolī amāre! • Jussive/Hortatory Subjunctives – Moneāmus filiōs! – Cēdat mālae! – Sequāmur imperatorem!

What forms of Indirect Speech do we know? • Indirect statement – Dicit sē mox venturum esse. • He says that he will come soon. – What is the formula? • Head verb + subject accusative + verb infinitive • Indirect question – Rogat num sciās filium. • He asks whether you know (his) son. – What is the formula? • Question verb + subjunctive

Indirect Command (IDC) • Indirect command is (surprise, surprise) a secondhand imperative • Formula: – Command/advice verb (hortor, impero, etc. ) – Ut/ne – Subjunctive (translated with ‘to’ or ‘not to’) • Like IDQ, IDC will follow sequence of tenses!

Examples • Hoc facite! (Direct Command w/Imper. ) – Do this! • Imperō vōbīs ut hoc faciātis (INDIRECT COMMAND) – – – Command verb= impero Ut Subjunctive I command you all to do this What case is vobis and why? • Domīnus nautīs imperat ut ad īnsulam nāvigent. • The master orders the sailors to sail to the island. • Caesar militēs suōs hortātus est ut hostēs vincerent. • Caesar urged his soldiers to conquer their enemies. • Lēx nōs monet nē civēs nostrōs interficiamus. • The law warns us not to kill our citizens

IDC Verbs • Any time you see any of these verbs you should put up a red flag for a possible IDC! hortor eum ut… I urge him to… moneo eos ne… I warn them not to… oro eam ut… I beg her to… rogo vos ut… I ask y’all to… impero ei ne… I order him not to… DATIVE V persuadeo ei ut… I persuade him to… DATIVE V peto ab te ne… I beg you not to… WITH A/AB quaero ab eā ut… I request her to… WITH A/AB

Another oddball verb- Fio, fieri, factus sum • Fio is a common irregular verb meaning to be done, to occur, to happen • It is used as the passive form for facio in the PRESENT system ONLY. • The perfect forms are identical with the perfect passive forms of facio. • Essentially, it acts something like a reversedeponent: active endings / passive meanings

Fio, fieri, factus sum—the present system to occur, happen, become, be done, be made Pr. Ind. Fīō Fīs Fit Fīmus Fītis Fīunt Impf. Ind. Fut. Ind. Fīēbam Fīēbās Fīēbat Fīēbāmus Fīēbātis Fīēbant Imperatives: Fī Fīam Fīēs Fīet Fīēmus Fīētis Fīent Pres. Subj. Fīam Fīās Fīat Fīāmus Fīātis Fīant Fīte Impf. Subj. Fierem Fierēs Fieret Fierēmus Fierētis Fierent

Examples • Hoc facit (facio): He does this. Hoc fit (fio): This is done. • Hoc fiat: Let this be done. • Dicunt hoc fieri: They say that this is done. • Periculum fit gravius: The danger becomes graver.