Handout 6 Morphemes Morphemes A morpheme is a
![Handout #6 Morphemes Handout #6 Morphemes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-1.jpg)
![Morphemes • A morpheme is a minimal unit of grammar, i. e. the smallest Morphemes • A morpheme is a minimal unit of grammar, i. e. the smallest](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-2.jpg)
![Morphemes • In the word rewriting, there are three morphemes: re-, writ, and -ing. Morphemes • In the word rewriting, there are three morphemes: re-, writ, and -ing.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-3.jpg)
![Morphological analysis • To find the morphemes in a set of words, you look Morphological analysis • To find the morphemes in a set of words, you look](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-4.jpg)
![Turkish (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 131) • • • denize denizin eve evden evd. Turkish (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 131) • • • denize denizin eve evden evd.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-5.jpg)
![Turkish • • • denizd. Zikde elim eller di. Sler eld. Zike “in a Turkish • • • denizd. Zikde elim eller di. Sler eld. Zike “in a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-6.jpg)
![Morphological analysis • Compare the first word deniz to the second denize. • They Morphological analysis • Compare the first word deniz to the second denize. • They](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-7.jpg)
![Morphological analysis • Now consider the third word, denizin. • It differs from the Morphological analysis • Now consider the third word, denizin. • It differs from the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-8.jpg)
![Morphological analysis • Now consider the fourth word, eve. • It is like the Morphological analysis • Now consider the fourth word, eve. • It is like the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-9.jpg)
![Turkish morphemes Turkish morphemes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-10.jpg)
![Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 135) • • atanipenda atakupenda atampenda atatupenda Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 135) • • atanipenda atakupenda atampenda atatupenda](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-11.jpg)
![Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) • utanipenda • • utampenda tutampenda watampenda atakusumbua unamsumbua atanipiga atatupiga Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) • utanipenda • • utampenda tutampenda watampenda atakusumbua unamsumbua atanipiga atatupiga](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-12.jpg)
![Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) • • • ananipiga anakupiga anampiga amekupiga amenipiga amempiga alinipiga alikupiga Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) • • • ananipiga anakupiga anampiga amekupiga amenipiga amempiga alinipiga alikupiga](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-13.jpg)
![Swahili morphemes Swahili morphemes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-14.jpg)
![Swahili morphemes Swahili morphemes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-15.jpg)
![Swahili • What order do the morphemes occur in? • Translate the following: – Swahili • What order do the morphemes occur in? • Translate the following: –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-16.jpg)
![Luiseño (California) (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 132) • • noka˘maj poka˘maj /oka˘maj pomka˘maj noka˘majum Luiseño (California) (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 132) • • noka˘maj poka˘maj /oka˘maj pomka˘maj noka˘majum](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-17.jpg)
![Luiseño (California) • • pomki /ohu˘kapi pohu˘kapi t. Samhu˘kapi pope˘w pompe˘wum t. Sampe˘wum “their Luiseño (California) • • pomki /ohu˘kapi pohu˘kapi t. Samhu˘kapi pope˘w pompe˘wum t. Sampe˘wum “their](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-18.jpg)
![Reference • Bissantz, Annette and Keith Johnson (1985). Language Files (3 rd ed. ). Reference • Bissantz, Annette and Keith Johnson (1985). Language Files (3 rd ed. ).](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-19.jpg)
- Slides: 19
![Handout 6 Morphemes Handout #6 Morphemes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-1.jpg)
Handout #6 Morphemes
![Morphemes A morpheme is a minimal unit of grammar i e the smallest Morphemes • A morpheme is a minimal unit of grammar, i. e. the smallest](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-2.jpg)
Morphemes • A morpheme is a minimal unit of grammar, i. e. the smallest bit of speech that has a meaning or grammatical function. • A morpheme includes a phonological representation that tells you how it is pronounced, and a semantic representation that tells you what it refers to. • It is minimal in that it can’t be broken down further into meaningful units.
![Morphemes In the word rewriting there are three morphemes re writ and ing Morphemes • In the word rewriting, there are three morphemes: re-, writ, and -ing.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-3.jpg)
Morphemes • In the word rewriting, there are three morphemes: re-, writ, and -ing. • Writ(e) is a free morpheme. It can stand alone as a word. • It is a root. Every word must include at least one root. • Re- and -ing are bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone as words.
![Morphological analysis To find the morphemes in a set of words you look Morphological analysis • To find the morphemes in a set of words, you look](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-4.jpg)
Morphological analysis • To find the morphemes in a set of words, you look for correlations between the sounds and the meanings. • If the words aren’t English, the meanings are reflected in the glosses. • A string of sounds has a particular meaning if presence of those sounds correlates with presence of that meaning.
![Turkish Bissantz and Johnson 1985 131 denize denizin eve evden evd Turkish (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 131) • • • denize denizin eve evden evd.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-5.jpg)
Turkish (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 131) • • • denize denizin eve evden evd. Zikden “an ocean” “to an ocean” “of an ocean” “to a house” “from a little house”
![Turkish denizd Zikde elim eller di Sler eld Zike in a Turkish • • • denizd. Zikde elim eller di. Sler eld. Zike “in a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-6.jpg)
Turkish • • • denizd. Zikde elim eller di. Sler eld. Zike “in a little ocean” “in a hand” “my hand” “hands” “teeth” “to a little hand”
![Morphological analysis Compare the first word deniz to the second denize They Morphological analysis • Compare the first word deniz to the second denize. • They](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-7.jpg)
Morphological analysis • Compare the first word deniz to the second denize. • They are identical in form except that the second has -e at the end. • They are also identical in meaning, except that the second has the added meaning “to”. • Therefore deniz means “an ocean”, and -e means “to”. • There’s no reason yet to break them down further.
![Morphological analysis Now consider the third word denizin It differs from the Morphological analysis • Now consider the third word, denizin. • It differs from the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-8.jpg)
Morphological analysis • Now consider the third word, denizin. • It differs from the previous words in form in that it has the sounds -in at the end. • It differs in meaning from the previous words in that it has the meaning “of”. • So -in must mean “of”.
![Morphological analysis Now consider the fourth word eve It is like the Morphological analysis • Now consider the fourth word, eve. • It is like the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-9.jpg)
Morphological analysis • Now consider the fourth word, eve. • It is like the second word denize in that it ends with -e and has “to” in the gloss. • It differs from that word in form in that it begins with ev rather than deniz. • It differs in meaning in that it has “house” in the gloss instead of “ocean”. • So ev must mean “house”.
![Turkish morphemes Turkish morphemes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-10.jpg)
Turkish morphemes
![Swahili Kenya Tanzania Bissantz and Johnson 1985 135 atanipenda atakupenda atampenda atatupenda Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 135) • • atanipenda atakupenda atampenda atatupenda](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-11.jpg)
Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 135) • • atanipenda atakupenda atampenda atatupenda atawapenda nitakupenda nitampenda nitawapenda “he will like me” “he will like you” “he will like him” “he will like us” “he will like them” “I will like you” “I will like him” “I will like them”
![Swahili Kenya Tanzania utanipenda utampenda tutampenda watampenda atakusumbua unamsumbua atanipiga atatupiga Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) • utanipenda • • utampenda tutampenda watampenda atakusumbua unamsumbua atanipiga atatupiga](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-12.jpg)
Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) • utanipenda • • utampenda tutampenda watampenda atakusumbua unamsumbua atanipiga atatupiga atampiga “you will like me” “you will like him” “we will like him” “they will like him” “he will annoy you” “you are annoying him” “he will beat me” “he will beat us” “he will beat him”
![Swahili Kenya Tanzania ananipiga anakupiga anampiga amekupiga amenipiga amempiga alinipiga alikupiga Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) • • • ananipiga anakupiga anampiga amekupiga amenipiga amempiga alinipiga alikupiga](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-13.jpg)
Swahili (Kenya, Tanzania) • • • ananipiga anakupiga anampiga amekupiga amenipiga amempiga alinipiga alikupiga alimpiga “he is beating me” “he is beating you” “he is beating him” “he has beaten you” “he has beaten me “he has beaten him” “he beat me” “he beat you” “he beat him”
![Swahili morphemes Swahili morphemes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-14.jpg)
Swahili morphemes
![Swahili morphemes Swahili morphemes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-15.jpg)
Swahili morphemes
![Swahili What order do the morphemes occur in Translate the following Swahili • What order do the morphemes occur in? • Translate the following: –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-16.jpg)
Swahili • What order do the morphemes occur in? • Translate the following: – _____________ – walikupenda – nitawasumbua “I have beaten him” “I am annoying him” “____________________”
![Luiseño California Bissantz and Johnson 1985 132 nokamaj pokamaj okamaj pomkamaj nokamajum Luiseño (California) (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 132) • • noka˘maj poka˘maj /oka˘maj pomka˘maj noka˘majum](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-17.jpg)
Luiseño (California) (Bissantz and Johnson 1985: 132) • • noka˘maj poka˘maj /oka˘maj pomka˘maj noka˘majum /oki poki “my son” “his son” “your (singular) son” “their son” “my sons” “your (singular) house” “his house”
![Luiseño California pomki ohukapi pohukapi t Samhukapi popew pompewum t Sampewum their Luiseño (California) • • pomki /ohu˘kapi pohu˘kapi t. Samhu˘kapi pope˘w pompe˘wum t. Sampe˘wum “their](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-18.jpg)
Luiseño (California) • • pomki /ohu˘kapi pohu˘kapi t. Samhu˘kapi pope˘w pompe˘wum t. Sampe˘wum “their house” “your (singular) pipe” “his pipe” “our pipe” “his wife” “their wives” “our wives”
![Reference Bissantz Annette and Keith Johnson 1985 Language Files 3 rd ed Reference • Bissantz, Annette and Keith Johnson (1985). Language Files (3 rd ed. ).](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/e45925f7f857927f2312da62f5ae5d7d/image-19.jpg)
Reference • Bissantz, Annette and Keith Johnson (1985). Language Files (3 rd ed. ). Advocate Publishing Group, Reynoldsburg, Ohio.
Lexical morpheme and functional morpheme
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