English Language Phonetics Phonology King Faisal University e

English Language Phonetics & Phonology King Faisal University e- Learning Deanship & Distance Education Instructor: Ammar Sultan Al-Ma’ani ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ 1 Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [ 11 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

6 th Class Phonetic Transcription ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [ 2 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

The Meaning of Phonetic Transcription Phonetic transcription (or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phones). The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet, e. g. , the International Phonetic Alphabet. ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [ 3 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

There are two “golden rules” for transcription: 1. Think of the pronunciation, not the spelling. Instead of letting yourself be mesmerized by the written form of the word, look away, or close your eyes, and ask yourself how you actually pronounce it. Among a thousand other pitfalls, this will help you to avoid inserting an [l] into your transcription of salmon, it will ensure that you transcribe the s of his with [z] not with [s], or the f of of with [v] not with [f], and it will prevent you from including the silent b of doubt in your transcription. ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [ 6 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

2. Use one symbol for each identifiable sound. In many cases, the orthography (i. e. the spelling system) uses more than one letter in cases where a single symbol is required in a transcription: ps, sh, ch, tch are cases in point. And a transcription, though it may be shorter, can convey more precise information than the orthographic form (the spelling): th corresponds to either [T] or [D]) and the notorious -ough to [ʌf], [uː], [ə], [aʊ], [əʊ] or [ɒf] (enough, through, bough, although, cough). ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [ 7 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

Broad and Narrow Broad transcriptions • Represent only contrastive sounds (phonemes) • Enclosed in slashes: / / • Generally use only alphabetic symbols • Narrow transcriptions • Represent phones • Capture as much phonetic detail as possible • Enclosed in brackets: [ ] • Can require use of diacritics ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [ 8 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

Broad and Narrow Phonetic transcription Broad phonetic transcription: captures the basic sounds; What the speaker intended to say; roughly eqivalent to a phonemic transcription. Narrow phonetic transcription: captures the precise pronunciation; what the speaker actually said; makes use of the full resources of the IPA. Notational convention: Slashes / / for phonemic transcription Square brackets [ ] for phonetic transcripton. ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [ 9 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

English Phonemes Familiar IPA symbols, same sound: 1. [p] ‘pot’ 7. [r] ‘rot’ 12. [m] ‘ma’ 2. [b] ‘bought’ 8. [f] ‘fought’ 13. [n] ‘not’ 3. [t] ‘tot’ 9. [v] ‘vote’ 14. [l] ‘lot’ 4. [d] ‘dot’ 10. [s] ‘sot’ 15. [w] ‘walk’ 5. [k] ‘kit’ 11. [z] ‘zit’ 16. [h] ‘hot’ 6. [g] ‘got’ ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [10 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

Sound/symbol correspondence enough through thought bough [ʌf] [u: ] [ə] [ɔ: ] [aʊ] think [θ] those [ð] thistle [θ] church chemistry [tʃ] [k] ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education thong [θ] Cheryl [ʃ] [11 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

English Phonemes Familiar IPA symbols, different sounds: 17. [j] ‘yacht’ 18. [i] ‘heed’ 19. [e] ([ej]) ‘hayed’ 20. “yod” ([ej] = a “diphthong”) ‘hod’ 21. [o] ([ow]) ‘bode’ 22. [u] ([ow] = a “diphthong”) ‘who’d’ • A diphthong is a phoneme that combines two phones. ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [12 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

English Phonemes Unfamiliar IPA symbols, for consonants: 23. ‘thought’ “theta” 28. ‘chop’ 24. ‘though’ “edh” 29. ‘jot’ 25. ‘shot’ “esh” 26. ‘vision’ “ezh” 27. ‘ring’ “engma” ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [13 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

ENGLISH IRREGULAR VERBS WITH PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION Present Past Participle Am – is –are Was –were been Beat –s /bi: t/ beaten /'bi: tn/ Become –s /bɪ 'kʌm/ became /bɪ 'keɪm/ become /bɪ 'kʌm/ Begin –s Bend –s Bite –s Bleed – s Blow –s Break –s Bring –s Build –s burn–s Burn –s Buy –s Catch- es choose –s Come –s Cost –s Cut –s Dig –s Do –es draw –s /bɪ 'gɪn/ /bend/ /baɪt/ /bli: d/ /blou/ /breɪk/ /brɪŋ/ /bɪld/ /bɜ: rn/ /baɪ/ /kætʃ/ /tʃu: z/ /kʌm/ /kɒst/ /kʌt/ /dɪg/ /du: / /drɔ: / began bent bound bit bled blew broke brought built burned bought caught chose came cost cut dug did drew /bɪ 'gæn/ /bent/ /baʊnd/ /bɪt/ /bled/ /blu: / /brouk/ /brɔ: t/ /bɪlt/ /bɜ: rnd/ /bɔ: t/ /kɔ: t/ /tʃouz/ /keɪm/ /kɒst/ /kʌt/ /dʌg/ /dɪd/ /dru: / begun bent bound bitten bled blown broken brought built burned bought caught chosen come cost cut dug done drawn /bɪ 'gʌn/ /bent/ /baʊnd/ /'bɪtn/ /bled/ /bloun/ /'broukən/ /brɔ: t/ /bɪlt/ /bɜ: rnd/ /bɔ: t/ /kɔ: t/ /'tʃouzən/ /kʌm/ /kɒst/ /kʌt/ /dʌg/ /dʌn/ /drɔ: n/ ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [14 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

Dream –s Drink –s Drive –s Eat –s Fall –s Feed –s Feel –s Fight –s Find –s Fly – flies /dri: m/ /drɪŋk/ /draɪv/ /i: t/ /fɔ: l/ /fi: d/ /fi: l/ /faɪt/ /faɪnd/ /flaɪ/ dreamed drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found flew /dri: md/ /dræŋk/ /drouv/ /eɪt, et/ /fel/ /fed/ /felt/ /fɔ: t/ /faʊnd/ /flu: / dreamed drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown /dri: md/ /drʌŋk/ /'drɪvən/ /'i: tn/ /'fɔ: lən/ /fed/ /felt/ /fɔ: t/ /faʊnd/ /floun/ Forget –s /fər 'get/ forgot /fər 'gɒt/ forgotten /fər 'gɒtn/ Forgive –s /fər 'gɪv/ forgave /fər 'geɪv/ forgiven /fər 'gɪvən/ Freeze –s /fri: z/ Get –s /get/ Give –s /gɪv/ Go -goes /gou/ Grow –s /grou/ Hang –s /hæŋ/ Have –has /hæv/ –ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ s ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ Hear /hɪər/ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education froze got gave went grew hung had heard /frouz/ /gɒt/ /geɪv/ /went/ /gru: / /hʌŋ/ /hæd/ [15 ]/hɜ: rd/ frozen /'frouzən/ got /gɒt/ gotten /'gɒtn/ given /'gɪvən/ gone /gɒn/ grown /groun/ hung /hʌŋ/ had /hæd/ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ heard ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ /hɜ: rd/ King Faisal University

Keep –sa Know –s Lay –s Lead –s Learn Leave –s Lend –s Lie –s Lose –s Make –s Mean –s Meet –s Pay –pays Read –s Ride –s /ki: p/ /nou/ /leɪ/ /li: d/ /lɜ: rn/ /li: v/ /lend/ /laɪ/ /lu: z/ /meɪk/ /mi: n/ /mi: t/ /peɪ/ /ri: d/ /raɪd/ kept knew laid learnt learned left lent lay lost made meant met paid read rode /kept/ /nu: / /leɪd/ /led/ /lɜ: rnt/ /lɜ: rnd/ /left/ /lent/ /leɪ/ /lɒst/ /meɪd/ /ment/ /met/ /peɪd/ /red/ /roud/ kept known laid learnt learned left lent lain lost made meant meta paid read ridden /kept/ /noun/ /leɪd/ /led/ /lɜ: rnt/ /lɜ: rnd/ /left/ /lent/ /leɪn/ /lɒst/ /meɪd/ /ment/ /met/ /peɪd/ /red/ /'rɪdn/ Ring –s /rɪŋ/ rang /ræŋ/ rung /rʌŋ/ Rise –s Run –s /raɪz/ /rʌn/ rose ran /rouz/ /ræn/ risen run /'rɪzən/ /rʌn/ ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [16 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

Teach –es /ti: tʃ/ taught /tɔ: t/ Tear –s /teər/ tore /tɔr/ torn /tɔrn/ Tell –s /tel/ told /tould/ Think –s /θɪŋk/ thought /θɔ: t/ Throw –s /θrou/ threw /θru: / thrown /θroun/ Understan d –s /ʌndər understoo 'stænd/ d /ʌndər 'stʊd/ understoo d /ʌndər 'stʊd/ Wake –s /weɪk/ woke /wouk/ woken Wear –s /weər/ wore /wɔr/ worn /wɔrn/ Win –s /wɪn/ won /wʌn/ Write /raɪt/ wrote /rout/ written /'rɪtn/ ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [17 ] /'woukən/ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University

Transcription – the art of reducing speech to writing Remember: a word in isolation may be spoken differently to a word in connected speech to = [tu: ] give it to him = [gɪv ɪt tə ɪm] ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education [18 ] ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ King Faisal University