Elements of Language Ch 14 The Phrase Prepositional

Elements of Language Ch. 14 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases

Phrase vs. Sentence Phrase is a group of related words; a sentence is a complete thought with a subject and a verb! A phrase does NOT contain both a subject and a verb.

Prepositional Phrases ● Includes a preposition ● Includes an object of a preposition ● Also includes any modifiers of that object Par exemple: for the children, instead of the Cheetos, to the gun show

Prepositional Phrases Adjective Phrases Adverb Phrases

Adjective Phrase A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun Ejemplos: The players on the team demanded Lucky Charms instead of All Bran. Alejandro won the match for the charity. The schools in the UIL agreed to play. I opened the door to the bathroom.

Adverb Phrase A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. Zum Beispiel: He spoke with a grin. They ran through the woods. On Thursday we discussed Melville.

Participles ● Definition: A verb form used in verbal constructions and as an adjective. ● Present participles end in “ing” ● Past participles USUALLY end in “ed” Examples of participles used as adjectives: The struggling player The fighting Irish The known explanation The peeled carrots

Participial Phrases ● Used as an adjective to modify noun or pronoun ● Consists of a participle (present or past participle) Examples: Stunned by the loss, the Crimson Tide held their heads low. Excited by the victory, the Seahawks high-fived and thanked Dr. Maier for the guidance. The dog sat still, gazing hopelessly at the rat in the corner.

Participial Phrases More examples: The demon, laughing ghoulishly, studied the vocabulary words with a grin. The vampires, taunting one another malevolently, decided to retreat to their rooms to play Assassin’s Creed.

The Gerund Writing for Goethe is a natural propensity.

Gerund (Definition) A Verb Form ending in -ING Used as a Noun Example: Playing Fifa is easy for Dostoyevsky. Visiting the Hermitage in St. Petersburg is free for students. Sleeping is painful for Napoleon.

Gerund Phrase Consists of a Gerund any modifiers or complements to the gerund. The entire gerund phrase is used as a noun: I detest listening to the insipid, cacophonous song “Eye of the Tiger” by Katy Perry. Beating Katy Taylor is our next objective.

The Infinitive A verb form that can be used as a noun, adjective or adverb. “To err is human; to forgive, divine. ” (Alexander Pope) Begins with “To” almost always. The “To” can be omitted in special circumstances: “I’ll help you [to] eat those fries. ” The malicious vultures like to eat dead rats and fly about malevolently with live, suffering rats in their beaks.

Infinitive Phrases Consist of infinitives and any modifiers or complements of infinitive The entire phrase can be used as a noun, adjective or adverb: Lebron is a player to watch closely in this game. We are ready to take the test. To finish homework early is a phenomenal feeling. Messi plays to win. It is a bad idea to vomit in the classroom.

Appositive A Noun or Pronoun, set off by a comma, used to describe or identify another noun or pronoun.

Appositive Examples: A fierce physical presence on the field, Marshawn Lynch is known for his “beast mode” and relentless pursuit of extra yards. An annoying cacophony for many, Katy Perry’s shrill voice is the stuff of nightmares.

Appositive Phrase Johnny Manziel, a brash and contumacious fellow, warmed the bench quite admirably. Hakeem Olajuwon, an indomitable force and legendary Houston Rocket, was known to all local fans as “Hakeem the Dream”.

More Appositives Melville was a man of great ambition, a writer with intense focus and ironclad discipline. The burger was massive, a monolith of meat.