Early Christian Architecture and Design Romanesque Gothic Early

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Early Christian Architecture and Design Romanesque & Gothic

Early Christian Architecture and Design Romanesque & Gothic

Early Christian Architecture �Follows Roman Architecture (Rectangular and Circular plans)

Early Christian Architecture �Follows Roman Architecture (Rectangular and Circular plans)

Early Christian Architecture � Chronology: • 284 -305 – Emperor Diocletian divide the Roman

Early Christian Architecture � Chronology: • 284 -305 – Emperor Diocletian divide the Roman Empire (West and East)

Eastern & Western Roman Empire

Eastern & Western Roman Empire

Early Christian Architecture � Chronology: • 313 – Christianity recognized as religion (ordered churches

Early Christian Architecture � Chronology: • 313 – Christianity recognized as religion (ordered churches to be built – Baptism and celebration of mass called for a new type of bldg. ) • 326 – Christianity - official religion of the Empire Constantine's conversion, as imagined by Rubens

Romanesque � The “Dark Ages”(476 – 1000 CE ). . Maybe into the 13

Romanesque � The “Dark Ages”(476 – 1000 CE ). . Maybe into the 13 th century period of cultural decline; from Fall of Roman Empire to recovery of learning Not a cultural connection with Rome, but a building method.

Romanesque � Begins with the Carolingian (noble family) era, which sets the stage for

Romanesque � Begins with the Carolingian (noble family) era, which sets the stage for Romanesque • To some historians the Carolingian era marks the end of late Antiquity, the final resolution of Rome’s centuries-long transformation

Romanesque � Feudalism = Medieval political system – land as chief form of wealth.

Romanesque � Feudalism = Medieval political system – land as chief form of wealth.

Romanesque � 2 major forces mold development of Romanesque: • MONASTIC COMMUNITIES – self

Romanesque � 2 major forces mold development of Romanesque: • MONASTIC COMMUNITIES – self contained communities – influenced architecture ; church in the center of complex. Monks are scholars/teachers – spread ideas and knowledge. • PILGRIMAGE – Christians travel to give thanks for the salvation of their souls. Journeys made to venerate a shrine or relic. Network of Pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela. Enabled exchange of ideas, money, goods…

Definition of a Pilgrimage: A Pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place or

Definition of a Pilgrimage: A Pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place or shrine undertaken as a spiritual quest to obtain supernatural help or as a form of penance for sins.

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=4 dq. OI 87 n. SU 0 – Camino to

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=4 dq. OI 87 n. SU 0 – Camino to Santiago https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=PSNZVKxm. KEA

Old Saint Peter’s 300 AD Many built over pagan basilicas with additions (transepts, choir,

Old Saint Peter’s 300 AD Many built over pagan basilicas with additions (transepts, choir, ambulatory, towers …more. )

Glossary �Basilica: a Roman building type often used for civic building, later adopted as

Glossary �Basilica: a Roman building type often used for civic building, later adopted as a Christian Church plan �Baldacchino: a canopy supported by columns, often over an altar or tomb (or both) �Transept : ‘arms” – defining cross-shaped buildings – crosses nave at right angles

Old St. Peter’s 300 AD

Old St. Peter’s 300 AD

San Miniato al Monte, Florence 1018 -62

San Miniato al Monte, Florence 1018 -62

San Miniato al Monte, Florence 1018 -62

San Miniato al Monte, Florence 1018 -62

Abbey Church of La Madeleine, Vézelay, France, 1104 -32 Roman vaults – built of

Abbey Church of La Madeleine, Vézelay, France, 1104 -32 Roman vaults – built of stone Articulated or compound Piers – cylindrical pier with moldings – to “lighter” the structure High Nave (wider) Lean to side aisles Clerestory windows

Parts of Christian Church walls � Interior wall – 3 -story arrangement Arcade (lower)

Parts of Christian Church walls � Interior wall – 3 -story arrangement Arcade (lower) • Triforium (mid) • Clerestory (top) •

Sexpartite vault

Sexpartite vault

Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118 Note Compound Piers

Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118 Note Compound Piers

Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118

Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118

Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118

Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118

Medieval Music https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 RCM 2 Iei. B 00

Medieval Music https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 RCM 2 Iei. B 00

Castles Concentric Castle – has inner and outer walls http: //www. medieval-castle. com/plans_towers_keeps. htm

Castles Concentric Castle – has inner and outer walls http: //www. medieval-castle. com/plans_towers_keeps. htm

Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140 � � Domestic Architecture Society – based in

Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140 � � Domestic Architecture Society – based in Feudal system � CASTLES • Defense – priority • Comfort vs fortification concerns • Castles built on hills • Moat – water • Wall surrounding • Towers • Great hall • Nomadic landlords � Few pieces of furniture � MEUBLE (Fr) = movable

Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140

Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140

Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140 • GREAT HALL – general activities; • High

Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140 • GREAT HALL – general activities; • High ceilings • Large fireplace • Thick walls • Beamed ceilings

Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140

Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140

Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140

Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140

Typical Finnish village

Typical Finnish village

Viollet-le-Duc (artist) from The Engravings of Man in all Ages, 1876 House in Cluny,

Viollet-le-Duc (artist) from The Engravings of Man in all Ages, 1876 House in Cluny, France c. 1200

King John Hunting Lodge, Somerset, England 1200 s

King John Hunting Lodge, Somerset, England 1200 s

Review of class MIDDLE AGES – Era between Roman Empire and Renaissance; Attempt to

Review of class MIDDLE AGES – Era between Roman Empire and Renaissance; Attempt to reform the catholic Church; Restless slumber brought on by War Power Struggles Illiteracy Disease Sparks of “genius” Architecture and Art Faith was the catalyst of artistic, intellectual, social and political developments Magnificent CATHEDRAL S built – refuge of peace Large demand for churches /cathedrals (during the Middle Ages - over 80 cathedrals, 350 churches built – more stone than in pyramids) Byzantine and Romanesque styles of architecture (4 th c. to 11 th c. )