Early Christian Architecture and Design Romanesque Gothic Early
- Slides: 37
Early Christian Architecture and Design Romanesque & Gothic
Early Christian Architecture �Follows Roman Architecture (Rectangular and Circular plans)
Early Christian Architecture � Chronology: • 284 -305 – Emperor Diocletian divide the Roman Empire (West and East)
Eastern & Western Roman Empire
Early Christian Architecture � Chronology: • 313 – Christianity recognized as religion (ordered churches to be built – Baptism and celebration of mass called for a new type of bldg. ) • 326 – Christianity - official religion of the Empire Constantine's conversion, as imagined by Rubens
Romanesque � The “Dark Ages”(476 – 1000 CE ). . Maybe into the 13 th century period of cultural decline; from Fall of Roman Empire to recovery of learning Not a cultural connection with Rome, but a building method.
Romanesque � Begins with the Carolingian (noble family) era, which sets the stage for Romanesque • To some historians the Carolingian era marks the end of late Antiquity, the final resolution of Rome’s centuries-long transformation
Romanesque � Feudalism = Medieval political system – land as chief form of wealth.
Romanesque � 2 major forces mold development of Romanesque: • MONASTIC COMMUNITIES – self contained communities – influenced architecture ; church in the center of complex. Monks are scholars/teachers – spread ideas and knowledge. • PILGRIMAGE – Christians travel to give thanks for the salvation of their souls. Journeys made to venerate a shrine or relic. Network of Pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela. Enabled exchange of ideas, money, goods…
Definition of a Pilgrimage: A Pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place or shrine undertaken as a spiritual quest to obtain supernatural help or as a form of penance for sins.
https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=4 dq. OI 87 n. SU 0 – Camino to Santiago https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=PSNZVKxm. KEA
Old Saint Peter’s 300 AD Many built over pagan basilicas with additions (transepts, choir, ambulatory, towers …more. )
Glossary �Basilica: a Roman building type often used for civic building, later adopted as a Christian Church plan �Baldacchino: a canopy supported by columns, often over an altar or tomb (or both) �Transept : ‘arms” – defining cross-shaped buildings – crosses nave at right angles
Old St. Peter’s 300 AD
San Miniato al Monte, Florence 1018 -62
San Miniato al Monte, Florence 1018 -62
Abbey Church of La Madeleine, Vézelay, France, 1104 -32 Roman vaults – built of stone Articulated or compound Piers – cylindrical pier with moldings – to “lighter” the structure High Nave (wider) Lean to side aisles Clerestory windows
Parts of Christian Church walls � Interior wall – 3 -story arrangement Arcade (lower) • Triforium (mid) • Clerestory (top) •
Sexpartite vault
Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118 Note Compound Piers
Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118
Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118
Medieval Music https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 RCM 2 Iei. B 00
Castles Concentric Castle – has inner and outer walls http: //www. medieval-castle. com/plans_towers_keeps. htm
Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140 � � Domestic Architecture Society – based in Feudal system � CASTLES • Defense – priority • Comfort vs fortification concerns • Castles built on hills • Moat – water • Wall surrounding • Towers • Great hall • Nomadic landlords � Few pieces of furniture � MEUBLE (Fr) = movable
Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140
Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140 • GREAT HALL – general activities; • High ceilings • Large fireplace • Thick walls • Beamed ceilings
Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140
Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140
Typical Finnish village
Viollet-le-Duc (artist) from The Engravings of Man in all Ages, 1876 House in Cluny, France c. 1200
King John Hunting Lodge, Somerset, England 1200 s
Review of class MIDDLE AGES – Era between Roman Empire and Renaissance; Attempt to reform the catholic Church; Restless slumber brought on by War Power Struggles Illiteracy Disease Sparks of “genius” Architecture and Art Faith was the catalyst of artistic, intellectual, social and political developments Magnificent CATHEDRAL S built – refuge of peace Large demand for churches /cathedrals (during the Middle Ages - over 80 cathedrals, 350 churches built – more stone than in pyramids) Byzantine and Romanesque styles of architecture (4 th c. to 11 th c. )
- Romanesque architecture vs gothic
- Romanesque and gothic art
- Byzantine and gothic art
- Gothic structure
- Gothic sculpture vs romanesque sculpture
- Crossing romanesque
- Byzantine and romanesque architecture
- Romanesque pronunciation
- Compound pier
- American gothic literature
- Early christian art
- Byzantine and islamic art
- Romanesque time period
- Church of sainte foy floor plan
- Gislebertus last judgment
- Romanesque latin cross plan
- Romanesque art period
- Chartres cathedral gothic characteristics
- Romantic vs gothic architecture
- Romantic vs gothic literature
- Characteristics of gothic paintings
- Röttgen pietá
- Romanticism vs gothic
- American gothic architecture
- Gothic literature quiz
- Gothic architecture presentation
- Early cpr and early defibrillation can: *
- Call and return architecture
- Architecture business cycle activities
- What is product architecture
- Modular and integral architecture
- Bus architecture in computer architecture
- Architecture analysis and design language
- Harris & harris digital design and computer architecture
- Digital design and computer architecture
- Digital design and computer architecture
- Digital design and computer architecture
- Network analysis architecture and design