Constantine Christian Emperor The Romans Case Study Chapter

Arch of Constantine c. AD 312 -315 The Forum Roma The Colosseum Source: Photo

Recycling imagery on the Arch of Constantine ‘Constantine arch datation en’. File derived from:

Panel from monument of Marcus Aurelius The emperor receiving a barbarian leader Note the

Hadrianic roundels Classical scene of a hunt, possibly of a lion or a bear

$Arch of Constantine CIL 6. 1139 Looking closely, one can see the fractured text$

The inscription: CIL 6. 1139 = ILS 694 IMP · CAES · FL ·

Constantine the Colossus Iphone: For Scale Source: Photo by A. Graham.

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Constantine: Christian Emperor? The Romans: Case Study Chapter 4

Arch of Constantine c. AD 312 -315 The Forum Roma The Colosseum Source: Photo by A. Graham.

Recycling imagery on the Arch of Constantine ‘Constantine arch datation en’. File derived from: Constantine_arch_datation. svg. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution. Share Alike 2. 5 via Wikimedia Commons.

Panel from monument of Marcus Aurelius The emperor receiving a barbarian leader Note the way the loyal soldiers shield the emperor with their armour & bodies. Marcus Aurelius’ hair & beard have been recut as shortcropped & cleanshaven Constantine The barbarian leader is identified by his helmetless head & wavy locks. His head is above the rest, looking desperately at the emperor. Source: ‘Constarch d 4’ by Wilson Delgado. Licensed under public domain via Wikimedia Commons: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Constarch_d 4. jpg#mediaviewer/File: Constarch_d 4. jpg.

Hadrianic roundels Classical scene of a hunt, possibly of a lion or a bear Sacrifice to the hunting goddess Diana Source: ‘Luk Konstantyna 6 DSCF 0032’. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3. 0 via Wikimedia Commons: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Luk_Konstantyna_6 DSCF 0032. JPG#mediaviewer/File: Luk_Konstantyna_6 DSCF 0032. JPG. Labels by A. Graham.

$Arch of Constantine CIL 6. 1139 Looking closely, one can see the fractured text$

Arch of Constantine CIL 6. 1139 Looking closely, one can see the fractured text and the beautifully carved letters. The small holes are for bronze letters. Source: Photo by A. Graham.

The inscription: CIL 6. 1139 = ILS 694 IMP · CAES · FL · CONSTANTINO · MAXIMO · P · F · AVGUSTO · S · P · Q · R · QVOD · INSTINCTV · DIVINITATIS · MENTIS · MAGNITVDINE · CVM · EXERCITV · SVO · TAM · DE · TYRANNO · QVAM · DE · OMNI · EIVS · FACTIONE · VNO · TEMPORE · IVSTIS · REM-PVBLICAM · VLTVS · EST · ARMIS · ARCVM · TRIVMPHIS · INSIGNEM · DICAVIT To the Emperor Caesar Flavius Constantinus, the greatest, pious, and blessed Augustus, the Senate and people of Rome, because by divine inspiration (and) greatness of mind, with his army he avenged the state against both the tyrant and his whole army at one (and the same) time, with righteous arms, have dedicated (this) arch conspicuous with (scenes of his) triumphs. Translation by A. E. Gordon, An Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy, University of California Press, 1983, pp. 168 -169.

Constantine the Colossus Iphone: For Scale Source: Photo by A. Graham.