Chapter 10 Case Study 1 UNIX and LINUX
- Slides: 40
Chapter 10 Case Study 1: UNIX and LINUX 10. 1 History of unix 10. 2 Overview of unix 10. 3 Processes in unix 10. 4 Memory management in unix 10. 5 Input/output in unix 10. 6 The unix file system 10. 7 Security in unix 1
UNIX User Interface The layers of a UNIX system. 2
UNIX Utility Programs A few of the more common UNIX utility programs required by POSIX 3
UNIX Kernel Approximate structure of generic UNIX kernel 4
Processes in UNIX Process creation in UNIX. 5
POSIX The signals required by POSIX. 6
System Calls for Process Management s is an error code pid is a process ID residual is the remaining time from the previous alarm 7
POSIX Shell A highly simplified shell 8
Threads in POSIX The principal POSIX thread calls. 9
The ls Command Steps in executing the command ls type to the shell 10
Flags for Linux clone Bits in the sharing_flags bitmap 11
UNIX Scheduler The UNIX scheduler is based on a multilevel queue structure 12
Booting UNIX cp The sequences of processes used to boot some systems 13
Handling Memory Process A Process B • Process A's virtual address space • Physical memory • Process B's virtual address space 14
Sharing Files Two processes can share a mapped file. A new file mapped simultaneously into two processes 15
System Calls for Memory Management • • s is an error code b and addr are memory addresses len is a length prot controls protection flags are miscellaneous bits fd is a file descriptor offset is a file offset 16
Paging in UNIX The core map in 4 BSD. The core map has an entry for each page 17
Paging in Linux (1) Linux uses three-level page tables 18
Paging in Linux (2) Operation of the buddy algorithm. Buddy algorithm 19
Networking Use of sockets for networking 20
Terminal Management The main POSIX calls for managing the terminal 21
UNIX I/O (1) Some of the fields of a typical cdevsw table 22
UNIX I/O (2) The UNIX I/O system in BSD 23
Streams An example of streams in System V 24
The UNIX File System (1) Some important directories found in most UNIX systems 25
The UNIX File System (2) • Before linking. • After linking. (a) Before linking. (b) After linking 26
The UNIX File System (3) • Separate file systems • After mounting (a) Before mounting. (b) After mounting 27
Locking Files (a) File with one lock (b) Addition of a second lock (c) A third lock 28
System Calls for File Management • s is an error code • fd is a file descriptor • position is a file offset 29
The lstat System Call Fields returned by the lstat system call. 30
System Calls for Directory Management • s is an error code • dir identifies a directory stream • dirent is a directory entry 31
UNIX File System (1) Disk layout in classical UNIX systems 32
UNIX File System (2) Directory entry fields. Structure of the i-node 33
UNIX File System (3) The relation between the file descriptor table, the open file description 34
UNIX File System (4) • A BSD directory with three files • The same directory after the file voluminous has been removed 35
The Linux File System Layout of the Linux Ex 2 file system. 36
Network File System (1) • Examples of remote mounted file systems • Directories are shown as squares, files as circles 37
Network File System (2) The NFS layer structure 38
Security in UNIX Some examples of file protection modes 39
System Calls for File Protection • s is an error code • uid and gid are the UID and GID, respectively 40
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