INRI THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE The Second Rome Constantine

INRI THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE The Second Rome

Constantine (285 – 337 C. E. ) Passed the EDICT of MILAN which legalized Christianity. He moved the capital of Rome to Byzantium, which was renamed Constantinople. On his deathbed he converted to the Christian faith.

constantine After he became sole master of the Roman Empire, Constantine began building a new capital at a Greek city called Byzantium. Constantine had a monumental ego. . Only one conqueror in history named a city after himself …Alexander the Great. Constantinople—the “New Rome”—soon became a rival to Old Rome in splendor and riches.

Theodosius I (347 – 395 C. E. ) Made Christianity the official religion of Rome. …He was the last Emperor to rule both the East and West.

THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE GEOGRAPHIC SIZE: DIFFICULTY OF DEFENSE AND ADMINISTRATION ECONOMY: THE COST OF DEFENSE, AND DEVALUATION OF ROMAN CURRENCY MILITARY: ARMY MEMBERSHIP STARTING TO INCLUDE NON-ROMANS, RESULTING IN DECLINE OF DISCIPLINE MORAL DECAY: PEOPLE’S LOSS OF FAITH IN ROME AND THE FAMILY POLITICAL PROBLEMS: CIVIL CONFLICT AND WEAK ADMINISTRATION INVASION: ATTACKS ON BORDERS

The Transition I. Why was Constantinople established as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire? The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was changed to Constantinople to provide ______, POLITICAL ECONOMIC MILITARY _________, and _______ advantages.

The Transition It was at a crossroads for _____. TRADE F U R SILK W H T A E S P I C E S

The Transition The eastern frontier offered a _______ protective barrier.

The Transition Constantinople’s location distanced it from the _______ invaders that plagued the BARBARIC GERMANIC Western Roman Empire.

The Transition Its _______lasted for 1000 years. DEFENSES

The Transition Geography and sea ____helped protect the city for 1000 years. walls The site of the city was easy to fortify. PENINSULA Constantinople is located on a ______ HARBORS bordering natural _____.

Constantinople served an important role in world history. It was the seat of the Byzantine Empire for almost a _______ THOUSAND years.

1453 C. E. It remained the capital until it fell to the _______ OTTOMAN conquest.

The BYZANTINE EMPIRE The Byzantine Empire preserved classical _________ culture. Greco-Roman

It was an important center of classicism.

Who was justinian?

justinian Under the rule of Justinian the Byzantine Empire reached its height in ______ CULTURE and prosperity.

justinian Justinian’s rule was greatly impacted by his intelligent and powerful wife, the Empress _______. THEODORA

Theodora “I swear on the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost and on the Virgin Mary and on the four gospels which I hold in my hand, and on the Archangels Michael and Gabriel, to keep faith with pure conscience to our most sacred Lord Justinian and Theodora his consort. ” The words of the oath prove that Theodora, legally, was co-ruler with her husband. She was not just a figurehead.

Theodora Born the daughter of a carnival worker… of the lowest class… from her rumored station in life as a prostitute and her assured position as an actress in lewd shows, she rose to the heights of Empress. Her ascension was due to the power of her intellect, the witty charm of her disposition, and the beauty of her countenance…

NIKA RIOTS

NIKA RIOTS theodora "Every man must sooner or later die; and how could an Emperor ever allow himself to be a fugitive? When you reach safety, will you not regret that you did not choose death in preference? I stand by the ancient saying that the imperial purple makes the best shroud. ” -Theodora-

What Happened Was A Massacre…

NIKA RIOTS A display of military power and exposed Justinian’s uniformity and ______in stability craving for ______ Byzantine Society.

justinian BELISAIUS’ conquests are in ORANGE… the original kingdom is shown in RED. Justinian thought of himself as a ROMAN _______ EMPEROR ______ and vowed to retake the entirety of the empire back under his rule. He managed to retake all that had been ______ WESTERN Rome with the help of Belisarius who was his best general.

justinian Rome was often attacked by _______ GERMANIC tribes and changed hands six times over a period of sixteen years.

justinian CODIFY Justinian was the first to ______ Roman law. His codification of law served as the basis for the law codes of ______ WESTERN ______. EUROPE

Justinian had _____ LEGAL ______ EXPERTS spend five years sorting Roman laws, discarding repetitive, useless, and outdated legislation. The panel kept 5, 000 laws that were useful to the Byzantine Empire.

“Justice is the constant and perpetual wish justinian to render to every one his due. ” -Justinian. These were known as the ______ JUSTINIAN _______ CODE and eventually served as the basis for the laws of Western Europe. Some areas covered under the law were: _______, women’s rights, SLAVERY ______ PROPERTY _____, RIGHTS inheritance, and crimes.

What Art Style is displayed below?

CONSTANTINOPLE Justinian turned ________ IMPERIAL into an ______ Capital. The city had its crumbling fortifications rebuilt.

The rule of justinian He built beautiful ______ churches to show the _______ between relationship church state _______ and _______.

> HAGIA SOPHIA < “HOLY WISDOM” The crowning glory of his reign was the _________ REBUILDING of the church.

It was meant to be a _______ HEAVEN on earth and Justinian thought SOLOMON’S temple. it rivaled ________ “Solomon, I have outdone thee. ” -Justinian-

HAGIA SOPHIA The Hagia Sophia was a Byzantine _____ DOMED church. It contained many beautiful ______. MOSAICS

MOSAICS …where images are created by assembling small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials into beautiful pictures.

Byzantine art and architecture Hagia _____: Sophia _____ The most important building in Constantinople was this church. It was built by Justinian, and still stands today. mosque First it was a Christian church, then a Muslim ______, and now it is a museum.

Byzantine art and architecture It features many beautiful mosaics, and a lot of Qur’anic and Arabic script. It has a large domed concrete which easily ties it roof made out of ______, to the architectural heritage of the Western ______ Roman Empire.

East v. West � The cultural and political differences between the eastern and western Roman Empire weakened the unity of the Christian Church and led to its division (schism). �Iconoclast movement = should we use icons of God/ Jesus, or are is worshipping icons idolatry

Iconoclasts "Satan misled men, so that they worshipped the creature instead of the Creator. The Law of Moses and the Prophets cooperated to remove this ruin. . . But the previously mentioned demiurge of evil. . . gradually brought back idolatry under the appearance of Christianity. ”

The Great Schism: The Christian Church Breaks in Two � The primary reason for the schism, or breakup of the Christian church, was a dispute over who was in control of the church. Should it be the Pope in Rome or someone more local to the Byzantines in the east?

The Great Schism In the early 1000 s the head of the Christian church in Constantinople, called the Patriarch, said that the Pope in Rome only had control over his own diocese (zone) and didn't control Constantinople In 1054 the Pope and the Patriarch excommunicated each other The Christian Church is now divided between the Roman Catholics based in Rome and the Eastern Orthodox Church based in Constantinople

East v. West Church � � Centered in Constantinople Close to seat of power after Constantinople became capital Use of Greek language in the liturgy Eventually led by only 1 person = the patriarch of Constantinople � Centered in Rome � Farther from seat of power after Constantinople became capital Use of Latin language in the liturgy Lead by the Pope � �

Differences Between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox � Services are in Greek or the local language � The Patriarch and other bishops lead church as a group � The emperor claims authority over the Patriarch � Priests can marry � Divorce is allowed in some cases Roman Catholic � Services are conducted in Latin � The Pope has authority over local bishops � The Pope claims authority over kings and emperors � Priests cannot marry � Divorce isn't allowed