COMP 311 A Computer Systems Architecture Murray Pearson

COMP 311 A Computer Systems Architecture Murray Pearson Office: G 1. 28 A Email: mpearson@cs. waikato. ac. nz

COMP 311 A - 2003 n Course Web Page n n Lectures n n http: //www. cs. waikato. ac. nz/Teaching/COMP 311 A Tuesday 4 – 6 pm, GB. 21 Wednesday 2 – 3 pm, GB. 21 Friday 9 – 10 am, SB. 03 Textbook n Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, Second Edition, Patterson and Hennessy n Excellent and essential part of the course

COMP 311 A – 2003 n Assignments (30%) n n Test (20%) n n 90 Minutes (Tuesday 6 th May) during lecture time Exam (50%) n n Six each worth 5% 3 hrs closed book – date and time to be set Class Representatives

Overview n 201 n n n Introduction to how a computer operates Only small emphasis on issues that affect performance 311 n n how to analyse their performance (or how not to!) issues affecting modern processor design (caches, pipelines)

Topics n n n Introduction and Performance Instruction Set Issues Design n n n Hardware Description Language Intro Memory n n Components Single cycle per instruction CPU Multi-cycle implementation Pipelined Implementation caching I/O

Introduction n Rapid Advances in Computer technology n n first stored program computer ran 1 st program 50 years ago First phase may end about 2005

History n Babbage (The Father/Great Uncle of Computing) 1791 - 1871 n Designed a General purpose Computer n n Machine controlled by punched cards stung together like punched paper tape Location in Data store numbered For control he devised a system rotating barrels with projecting studs (barrels could step forward or backwards an arbitary number of steps Next significant step not til 1945

History n ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Intergrator and Calculator) was operting in 1945 n n Designed and built by Eckert and Mauchly 18, 000 Valves Was programmable and had conditional Jumps Programmed using a set of plugs and switches

History n n In 1944 John von Neumann and others joined the team Ideas they came up with can be summarized as: n n n n Electronic Operation Binary Instruction set as user interface Serial execution of instructions Single Memory Modification and construction of instructions Paper published only had Von Neumanns name on

History n This led to a whole series of machines being developed: n n n Mark-I built at the University of Manchester EDSAC by Maurice Wilkes of Cambridge University …

Technology Improvements n Techologies used in Computers over time n n n 1951 – Vacuum Tube 1965 – Transistor 1975 – Integrated Circuit 1995 – Very Large Scale Circuit Rate of increasing integration has been very constant over time

DRAM Capacity Ó 1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers

Performance Increases Dec Alpha HP 9000 IBM Power 1 R 3000 R 2000 Sun 4 IBM Power 2

Characteristics over Time Year Name Size (cu. Power Ft. ) (watts) Performance (adds/sec) Memory (KB) Adjusted price (1996$) Adjusted price/perfomance 1951 UNIVAC 1 1000 124, 500 1, 900 48 4, 996, 749 1 1964 IBM S/360 model 50 60 10, 000 500, 000 64 4, 140, 257 318 1965 PDP-8 8 500 330, 00 4 66, 071 13, 135 1976 Cray-1 58 60, 000 166, 000 32, 768 8, 459, 712 51, 604 1981 IBM PC 1 150 240, 000 256 4, 081 154, 673 1991 HP 9000 /model 750 2 500 50, 000 16, 384 8, 156 16, 122, 356 1996 Intel Ppro PC 2 500 400, 000 16, 384 4, 400 239, 078908

Chip Manufacture

Software Technology n Designers must also be aware of software technologies n n Mixes of instructions generated by compilers Locality of reference (memory hierarchy)

Price/Performance n Other areas designers must be aware of: n n Target markets Price Performance Price/performance

Parting Thought n Compare with transport industry n If similar advances made the travel coast to coast in US in 5 seconds for 50 cents