Chapter 4 Mechanics Kinematics History of Mechanics Greek

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Chapter 4 Mechanics: Kinematics

Chapter 4 Mechanics: Kinematics

History of Mechanics Greek philosophers like Aristotle – Solid matter falls Ex: apple –

History of Mechanics Greek philosophers like Aristotle – Solid matter falls Ex: apple – Ethereal matter rises Ex: smoke, vapor Galileo said scientist should examine motion and describe it using math – Some resisted because ideas contradicted Catholic church

History of Mechanics Copernicus showed a sun-centered model Albert Einstein provided a complete cause

History of Mechanics Copernicus showed a sun-centered model Albert Einstein provided a complete cause and effect model Sir Isaac Newton found 3 laws of motion

Do you trust physics? What happens?

Do you trust physics? What happens?

Mechanics Modern study of motion (the pushes & pulls as well as how object

Mechanics Modern study of motion (the pushes & pulls as well as how object responds) 1) Kinematics: Description of how things move 2) Dynamics: Description of what causes things to move 3) Statics: Description of how stationary things react to pushes & pulls

Physical Systems System – Boundary or imaginary box created by scientists Everything inside is

Physical Systems System – Boundary or imaginary box created by scientists Everything inside is part of system Everything outside is part of surroundings – Allows scientists to limit the objects or processes they are studying – Was there a change?

Frames of Reference Is the Eiffel Tower moving?

Frames of Reference Is the Eiffel Tower moving?

Frames of Reference Point of reference – Location from which observations are made –

Frames of Reference Point of reference – Location from which observations are made – Needed for kinematics Used for comparison Frame of reference – Geometric space containing point of reference – Chosen to be helpful in studying motion Like a worldview (place from which observations are made)

Frames of Reference The motion of the Eiffel Tower is 0 km/hr – What

Frames of Reference The motion of the Eiffel Tower is 0 km/hr – What is your point of reference? – Frame of reference? The motion of the Eiffel Tower is 30 km/s – What is your point of reference? – Frame of reference?

Different Reference Frames Fixed reference frame – Motion in straight line, constant speed –

Different Reference Frames Fixed reference frame – Motion in straight line, constant speed – Ex: car travels 50 km/h

Different Reference Frames Accelerated reference frame – Reference frame is moving with the object

Different Reference Frames Accelerated reference frame – Reference frame is moving with the object – Ex: passenger’s view of one care from a moving car

Different Reference Frames Rotational reference frame – Rotational object and its axis are stationary

Different Reference Frames Rotational reference frame – Rotational object and its axis are stationary – Ex: rider on a merry-go-round

Coordinate Axis Useful for motion in one direction – Ex: care moving in straight

Coordinate Axis Useful for motion in one direction – Ex: care moving in straight line – Axis is parallel to direction of motion Consists of a line with units (shows motion) Origin is placed at the point of reference (where observations are being made)

Time ti = initial time tf = final time Δt = t f -

Time ti = initial time tf = final time Δt = t f - t i – Time interval for event – Ex: How long did it take you to brush your teeth if you started at 7: 25 AM and ended at 7: 27 AM? change in time

Scalar and Vector Scalar: described using one piece of information – Ex: speed, volume,

Scalar and Vector Scalar: described using one piece of information – Ex: speed, volume, etc. (5 m. L, 5 km/h, 10 cc) – May be positive, negative, or zero Vector: described using two pieces of information, number & direction – Ex: velocity (speed in a given direction) such as 5 km/h north – Represented by an arrow

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