Chapter 17 Dr Marius Janson The Players 1
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Chapter 17 Dr. Marius Janson The Players: 1) CEOs 2) Line and staff management 3) End users 4) IT staff 1
Chapter 17 • Focus of Chapter 17: 1) CEOs need to know potential of IT 2) Managers need to manage IT 3) End-users need to use IT 4) IT staff needs to stay current Education is needed to achieve these goals 2
Chapter 17 • Educating CEOs 1) CEOs need to know how IT impacts marketing, finance, sales, production, and communication. 2) CEOs still think in terms of IT cost 3) CEOs need to understand that IT intermingles with the business 3
Chapter 17 Cont’d 4) CEO focus should be on IT for customer service as well as on cost. 5)CEOs need not know latest technology but should have a broad IT appreciation. 4
Chapter 17 • Why to Educate CEOs? 1) CEOs set the tone 2) CEOs promote organizational change with IT 3) CEOs should drive organizational change 4) CEOs should envision the business use of IT 5) CEOs need align IT & business goals 6) CEOs need to make cost/benefit analysis 5
Chapter 17 • How to Educate CEOs? 1) Informal Program learn by doing (use) read learn from subordinates (medical) 2) Semi-formal Programs briefings short seminars demonstrations 6
Chapter 17 Cont’d 3) Formal programs Single versus multiple sessions 4) CEOs need to rotate through IT 7
Chapter 17 • Why & How to Educate CIOs 1) CIOs need to know the business 2) CIOs need job rotation through the business 3) CIOs need to configure new business applications of IT 4) CIOs need to stay ahead of CEO 8
Chapter 17 • Line & Staff Management Education 1) Line & staff can scuttle an application 2) Resistance to change - is it bad? 3) Organizational change 4) Culture change 5) People resist because it interfers with established patterns 6) Reaction: Deny change, Distort information, State system will change nothing 9
Chapter 17 • Needed Support 1) Management needs to support technology change 2) Project champions 3) Describe change 4) Assess commitment to change 5) Evaluate resistance to change 6) Develop managerial skills to promote change 10
Chapter 17 • Support the Change Agent: 1) Identify the change agent 2) Provide information to the change agent 3) Give change agent resources 4) Give change agent approval 11
Chapter 17 • The End-User 1) Educate user so he understands the basics of technology 2) Teach the end-user “know-how” 3) Refresher courses 4) Assumptions underlying new system 5) Help user with implementation problems 12
Chapter 17 • Resistance to Change 1) Learn from experience 2) Remember the learning 3) Needed: Organizational Memory 4) Example: A database with questions and answers Database becomes knowledge base 13
Chapter 17 • Summary of Competencies 1) Change management 2) Business focus 3) Collaboration and Teamwork 4) Think System 5) Leverage Information 14
