Chapter 11 Medications and Drugs Lesson 11 1

Chapter 11 Medications and Drugs Lesson 11. 1 Medications Lesson 11. 2 Drugs Lesson 11. 3 Drug Abuse and Addiction

Lesson 11. 1 Medications

Warm-Up Drug Use Give two examples of health problems that would cause people to use prescription drugs. What are some side effects that drug users might experience? Can prescription medications be abused like other drugs, such as cocaine or heroin? Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Uses for Medications • A medication is a substance used to treat disease or relieve pain • Reasons people use medications – Treat symptoms of an illness – Cure a disease – Manage a disease – Prevent a disease Monkey Business Images/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Food and Drug Administration • After a company tests a new medication, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must then approve it • The FDA also decides whether a medication should be sold with or without a doctor’s prescription bikeriderlondon/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications • Sold to people without a doctor’s prescription • Purchased at local stores and pharmacies • Used to treat the symptoms of many relatively minor health conditions Path. Doc/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Critical Thinking OTC Medications What are some commonly used OTC medications with which you are familiar? Do you use these medications? If yes, for what reasons? Thinkstock Images/i. Stockbyte/thinkstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Prescription Medications • Can only be sold to a person with a prescription from a doctor or other licensed healthcare professional • Different types of prescription medications have different functions – Antibiotics – Anesthetics – Vaccinations Antonio. Diaz/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further What are some different methods used to deliver medicine into the body? – Pill, tablet, capsule, or liquid forms can be swallowed – Drops, cream, or gel forms can be applied to a particular part of the body – Transdermal patches can be placed on the skin – Medications can be inhaled into your nose or mouth – Medications can be injected directly into the body Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Health Risks of Taking Medications • All medications can have side effects • Some medications cause health risks by interacting with other medications, foods, or drinks • People can experience an adverse or allergic reaction to medication • OTC medications may relieve symptoms but not treat the underlying cause of the symptoms • Adverse effects may result from medication misuse Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Medication Abuse • The intentional use of medications for purposes other than those intended by the prescribing doctor • Commonly abused prescription medications – Opioids – Depressants – Stimulants Serial. Coder/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further Carefully reading and following OTC and prescription medication instructions can help you avoid misuse and abuse of medications and reduce health risks. What are some other strategies for using medications safely? Anna Khomulo/i. Stock/thinkstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Lesson 11. 2 Drugs

Drugs • Drugs are substances that cause a physical or psychological change in the body • Most drugs are illegal and can be very dangerous vidguten/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Marijuana • Marijuana is a drug made up of dried parts of the Cannabis plant • Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette or in a pipe • A number of states allow adults with a doctor’s prescription to legally buy and use marijuana Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further What are some side effects of marijuana use? – – – Distorted perceptions Poor coordination Difficulty thinking and solving problems Problems with learning and memory Cardiovascular problems Respiratory problems Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Cocaine • A white powder that comes from the leaves of a coca plant • Can be snorted, injected, or smoked • Side effects include – – – Increased heart rate High blood pressure Headache Abdominal pain Paranoia Heart attack or stroke Jason Swalwell/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Crystal Meth • A manufactured form of methamphetamine • Can be smoked, snorted, injected, or swallowed • Side effects include – – – Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration Erratic and violent behavior Homicidal and suicidal thoughts Tooth decay and cracked teeth Severe anxiety and paranoia Long term: brain damage, coma, stroke, and death Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further Bath salts are manufactured drugs that contain a stimulant called methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). What are some side effects of bath salts? – – – – Paranoia Chest pains Headaches Nausea Hallucinations Increased heart rate and blood pressure Suicidal thoughts Death Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Hallucinogens • Drugs that change a person’s perception of reality – LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) – Mescaline – Psilocybin – PCP (phencyclidine) – MDMA (meth, “Molly” or “ecstasy”) Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Side Effects of Hallucinogens • Researchers believe that hallucinogens temporarily disrupt the function of a body’s neurotransmitters. Side effects include: – – – Increased heart rate and blood pressure Tremors and uncoordinated movements Muscle weakness and numbness Loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting Mood disturbances, increased anxiety and depression Panic reactions and paranoia, including severe, terrifying feelings of despair or fear of insanity and death Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Heroin • Heroin is an opiate derived from morphine— a substance found in poppy plants • Can be injected, snorted, or smoked • People who use heroin often develop a dependency on the drug • Heroin can have dangerous side effects Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further Myth or Fact? Club drugs have no serious side effects. MYTH – Fact: Depending on the drug, side effects can include memory loss, impaired attention, delirium, intense drowsiness, coma, and death. – Fact: These drugs can also be addictive and have unpleasant withdrawal effects. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Anabolic Steroids and PEDs • Some people use illegal performance -enhancing drugs (like anabolic steroids) to help them increase muscle mass and strength, reduce muscle fatigue, or increase energy and alertness • Using PEDs can cause serious side effects, including stunted growth in adolescents • The use of PEDs is banned by high schools, colleges, and professional sporting leagues Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Inhalants • Chemicals that people breathe in to experience some type of high – Liquids (paint thinners, glue) – Aerosols (spray paints, vegetable oil sprays) – Gases (butane lighters) – Nitrites (butyl and amyl nitrites) • Can cause hypoxia and other serious side effects Monkey Business Images/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

The Impact of Drugs on the Brain • Drugs contain chemicals that change the way nerve cells in the brain send, receive, and process information • Many drugs cause the brain to release abnormally large amounts of dopamine • Larger and larger amounts of the drug are required to achieve the same good feelings • This contributes to drug abuse Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Drug Abuse • People who abuse drugs often experience many negative health consequences – Engaging in unsafe behaviors – Contracting an infectious disease – Being involved in an accident – Overdosing Tom Wang/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Critical Thinking Drug Abuse Besides health problems, what are some other negative consequences of drug abuse? Marjan Apostolovic/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Lesson 11. 3 Drug Abuse and Addiction

Drug Addiction • A chronic disease that involves ongoing use of a drug regardless of harmful effects – Physical addiction: the body requires the drug to function normally – Psychological addiction: feeling an intense need or desire for a drug Alexander Raths/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Risk Factors for Drug Abuse • A person’s genetic makeup is related to drug addiction • Self-medicating puts people at risk of developing drug addictions • Drug use at an early age makes a person more likely to become addicted • A person’s environment has an impact on his or her attitude toward drugs auremar/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Strategies for Refusing Drugs • Knowing how to respond and what to say if someone offers you drugs can help you avoid them • Let others know that you expect them to respect your decision to not try drugs Photographee. eu/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

The Broader Impact of Drugs • The problems of drug abuse negatively impact friends and family • Drug abuse is costly for society – – Fuse/thinkstock. com Healthcare costs Criminal system costs Unemployment Homelessness Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Prevention of Drug Abuse • Drug addiction is a preventable disease • People who never try drugs cannot abuse them • Educating people about the hazards of drug use can help prevent drug abuse karen roach/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Think Further What types of programs are available to help treat drug abuse and addiction? – – – Residential treatment programs Outpatient treatment programs Skills-training programs Support groups Sober living communities Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Helping Those Addicted to Drugs • Express your concern • Offer to help the person find help • Attend a meeting of a group that provides support to relatives and friends • Give the person the number of a help hotline Valentin. T/shutterstock. com Syda Productions/shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.