CHAPTER 22 Illegal Drugs Assignment Read Chapter 22

CHAPTER 22 Illegal Drugs

Assignment � � � Read Chapter 22 Lesson 1 Teach it to your group Complete Chapter 22. 1 Assessment p. 597 Discuss: Do you think teens should be responsible for preventing drug use by their friends? Consider how far a friend should go in preventing drug use. Debate: Should pregnant women be prosecuted for child abuse or something more harsh for using illegal drugs while pregnant � Appoint a spokesperson in each group to summarize the group’s conclusion.

Chapter 22 Assessments � � � 22. 2 Assessment p. 602 1 -7 22. 3 Assessment p. 610 1 -7 22. 4 Assessment p. 615 1 -7

Warm-up � Make a Cause-and-Effect Concept Map � Draw a box around the phrase “Teen Drug Use” as shown here. Write at least four consequences of drug use, each in its own box. Connect the consequences boxes to the Teen Drug Use box as shown. Consequence 2 Drug overdose Consequence 3 Teen Drug Use Consequence 4

22. 1 Substance Abuse � � Medicines cure and prevent disease Medicines are abused Some abuse substances are illegal drugs chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell Using illegal drugs is a crime called illicit drug use

22. 1 Substance Abuse � Factors that Influence Teens � Peer Pressure – good or bad � Family members – can help teens resist drug use � Role models – coaches, athletes, actors, and professionals � Media Messages – TV, radio, Websites, movies, music � Perceptions of drug behavior – may lead teens to believe drug use is higher than it is in reality. According to CDC, more than 70% of ninth-graders have not used marijuana � Misleading information – Making teens think some drugs can be beneficial

22. 1 How Drugs Affect Your Health � � � Illegal drugs are not monitored for quality, purity, or strength Drug abuse affects your physical, mental/emotional, and social health Physical health Risk of overdose � For some illegal drugs, users inject the substance with a needle � Increase risk of contracting diseases like hepatitis B and HIV �

22. 1 How Drugs Affect Your Health � Mental health � Drugs may impair a teen’s ability to reason and think � Ecstasy alters the brain’s structure and function � Cause teens to behave in ways that go against their values � Social health � Teens may lose friendships � Legal consequences � Leading cause of crime, suicide, and unintentional injuries

22. 1 How Drugs Affect Your Health � Other Effects of Drugs Use � Death � Tolerance � Psychological dependence � Physiological dependence � Addiction � Trying drugs once or using a drug a few times can quickly lead to a serious cycle of addiction

22. 1 Drugs Take a Heavy Toll � � Drug use can create problems instead of helping you escape them Consequences for the individual � Teens may stop pursuing their interests and goals � Drugs lowers inhibitions � Higher risk of sexual activity � Drug use is a leading factor in teen depression and suicide � Teens can be sent to jail � Increase violence, crime, and accidental death

22. 1 Drugs Take a Heavy Toll � Consequences for Friends and Family � Teens may lose interest in healthy activities � Teens may stop spending time with friends and family � Family feel the burden of the emotional and financial costs of drug abuse � Consequences for Others � Drugs passed to the fetus from the mother � Fetus may be born with birth defects, behavioral problems, or a drug addiction � Traces of drug can be found in breast milk

22. 1 Drugs Take a Heavy Toll � Consequences for Society � Rise in drug-related crime and violence � DWI or DUI can result in collisions � Affects the nation’s economy � The Office of National Drug Control Policy shows that drug costs the U. S. economy $180 billion per year from: Lost work hours and productivity Health care costs and legal fees Law enforcement costs and insurance costs due to drug related damages, injuries, and deaths � All of this is 100% preventable!

Choosing The Best � � � Page 13: Barriers to making good decisions Page 15: What do you know about date rape? Page 16 and 17: How to make the best decisions?

22. 2 Marijuana, Inhalants, and Steroids � Marijuana � Can be mixed with unknown chemicals and have unexpected effects on your health � Its a plant that’s usually smoked for its intoxicating effects � May also be eaten � Also known as grass, weed, or pot � One of the most widely used illegal drugs � A gateway drug � Mind altering � Can lead to risky behavior and death

22. 2 Marijuana � Health Risks of Marijuana � Hallucinations and paranoia � Impaired short-term memory, reaction time, concentration, and coordination � Lung irritation, coughing � Heart and lung damage � Increase risk of lung cancer � Weakened immunity to infection � Increase appetite � Increased risk of stillbirth and birth defects � Change hormones levels � In females, risk of infertility � In males, lowered sperm count and testosterone levels

22. 2 Marijuana � Physical Consequences of Marijuana Use � Users face the same health risks as tobacco smokers � Marijuana smoke contains more cancercausing chemicals than tobacco smoke � Users inhale unfiltered smoke, which can cause damage to the respiratory system � Marijuana damage the immune system � In males it interferes with sperm production and lowers levels of testosterone � In females it raises testosterone levels which may lead to infertility or the inability to bear children

22. 2 Marijuana � Mental and Emotional Consequences � Marijuana raises levels of a brain chemical called dopamine � Dopamine produces a pleasurable feeling which can be intense aka a “high” � When the drug wears off the abrupt let down is called a “crash” � Paranoia � Distorted perception, loss of coordination, and trouble with thinking and problem solving

22. 2 Marijuana � Driving and Marijuana Use � Marijuana interferes with depth perception, decreases reaction time, cause sleepiness, impairs judgment and slows reflexes � The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that 10 to 22% of drivers involved in car crashes were on drugs � Consequences of driving under the influence of any drug – including marijuana – includes: Suspension of a driver’s license, fines, loss of eligibility for federal college loans, and possibly a jail term

Health Concerns: WHAT ARE THE MEDICAL DANGERS OF MARIJUANA USE? � � Smoking marijuana regularly (a joint a day) can damage the cells in the bronchial passages which protect the body against inhaled microorganisms and decrease the ability of the immune cells in the lungs to fight off fungi, bacteria, and tumor cells. Regular smoking has been shown to materially affect the overall ability of the smokers body to defend itself against infection by weakening various natural immune mechanisms, including macrophages (mac-ro-phages) a. k. a. "killer cells" and the all-important T-cells.

Health Concerns: WHAT ARE THE MEDICAL DANGERS OF MARIJUANA USE? � � The main respiratory consequences of smoking marijuana regularly (one joint a day) are pulmonary infections and respiratory cancer The effects also include chronic bronchitis, impairment in the function of the smaller air passages, inflammation of the lungs, the development of potentially pre-cancerous abnormalities in the bronchial lining and lungs, and, as discussed, a reduction in the capabilities of many defensive mechanisms within the lungs.

Health Concerns: WHAT ARE THE MEDICAL DANGERS OF MARIJUANA USE? � Marijuana smoke and cigarette smoke contain many of the same toxins, including one which has been identified as a key factor in the promotion of lung cancer. This toxin is found in the tar phase of both, and it should be noted that one joint has four times more tar than a cigarette, which means that the lungs are exposed four-fold to this toxin and others in the tar.

Health Concerns: WHAT ARE THE MEDICAL DANGERS OF MARIJUANA USE? � It has been suggested that marijuana is at the root of many mental disorders, including acute toxic psychosis, panic attacks (one of the very conditions it is being used experimentally to treat), flashbacks, delusions, depersonalization, hallucinations, paranoia, depression, and uncontrollable aggressiveness. Marijuana has long been known to trigger attacks of mental illness, such as bipolar (manic-depressive) psychosis and schizophrenia.

22. 2 Inhalants � � � Some inhalants are prescribed to treat allergies, asthma, and other medical conditions Some substances are inhaled to achieve a high Solvents, aerosols, glues, paints, varnishes, and gasoline can cause brain damage Inhalants depress the central nervous system Immediate effects include � Glassy stare � Slurred speech � Impaired judgment � Nausea � Coughing � Nosebleed � Fatigue � Lack of coordination

22. 2 Inhalants � Long-term use can lead to: � � � Permanent loss of brain cells Cause liver and kidney damage Blindness Brain damage Paralysis Cardiac arrest Death All inhalants are extremely dangerous and many are poisons You can accidentally inhale them when doing household chores Work in a well-ventilated room and wear a mask http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=J 618 fx 8 Y 2 u 0

22. 2 Consequences of Steroid Use � � � Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones Anabolic refers to muscle building Androgenic refers to increased male characteristics Causes unnatural muscle growth When combined with conditioning, steroids can increase muscle strength, but the tendons and ligaments don’t get stronger which can lead to injury

22. 2 Consequences of Steroid Use � Other side effects include: � Weight gain � Acne � High blood pressure � Liver and kidney tumors � Violent behavior � Extreme mood swings � Depression � Paranoia � Males - Shrinking testicles, reduced sperm count, baldness, development of breasts, increase risk for prostate cancer � Females – facial hair, baldness, menstrual cycle changes, deepened voice

Jeopardy � To play jeopardy � jeopardylabs. com/play/chapter-22 -illegal-drugs � To edit this template, go to � jeopardylabs. com/edit/chapter-22 -illegal-drugs

Warm-up � Make a Cause-and-Effect Concept Map � Draw a box around the phrase “Teen Drug Use” as shown here. Write at least four consequences of drug use, each in its own box. Connect the consequences boxes to the Teen Drug Use box as shown. Consequence 2 Drug overdose Consequence 3 Teen Drug Use Consequence 4

22. 3 Psychoactive Drugs � Psychoactive drugs – chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain, change the functioning of the CNS, depressants, opiates, and hallucinogens

22. 3 Club Drugs, Stimulants, and Depressants � Club drugs are sometimes disguised in foods, or slipped into drinks and taken without a person’s knowledge � Ecstasy has stimulant and hallucinogenic effects Hallucinogens are drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions, including vision, hearing, smell, and touch Cause euphoria – or a feeling of intense well-being or elation

22. 3 Club Drugs, Stimulants, and Depressants � Club Drugs cont… � Rohypnol or “roofies” are depressants Slow the central nervous system Called the “date-rape” drug Unwanted physical contact, unplanned pregnancies, and exposure to HIV and STDs can result This is a criminal offense

22. 3 Club Drugs, Stimulants, and Depressants � Club Drugs cont…. � Meth or methamphetamine is a stimulant Speeds up the central nervous system White odorless powder that easily dissolves in alcohol or water http: //www. methproject. org/ � LSD (Acid) lysergic acid diethylamide (di-e-thy-la-mide) Cause hallucinations and severely distorted perceptions of sound and color Flashbacks Emotions such as euphoria, panic, terror, or deep depression

22. 3 Club Drugs, Stimulants, and Depressants � Other Stimulants � Cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant Whit power Users may experience a surge of self-confidence and euphoria Lead to depression, fatigue, paranoia, and physiological dependence � Crack even more dangerous form of cocaine Called rock or freebase rock Reaches the brain in seconds after smoked or injected Increase heart rate and blood pressure, cardiac or respiratory failure Mixed with alcohol may cause liver failure

22. 3 Club Drugs, Stimulants, and Depressants � Other Stimulants cont… � Amphetamine are highly addictive Use to stay alert, to improve athletic performance, or to lose weight Easy to develop a tolerance to amphetamines Irregular heartbeat, paranoia, aggressive behavior, and heart failure � Other Depressants � Slow the central nervous system. Slow the heart and respiration rates and lower blood pressure

22. 3 Club Drugs, Stimulants, and Depressants � Other Depressants cont… � Barbiturates are sedatives that are rarely used for medical purposes Cause mood changes, excessive sleepiness, and coma Users may feel intoxicated. Mixed with alcohol can be fatal � Tranquilizers depressants that relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, sleeplessness, and nervousness Can cause psychological and physiological dependence, coma, and death

22. 3 Hallucinogens � Hallucinogens cause serious mental/emotional and physical consequences � Alter mood, and impair judgment, thoughts, and sense perception � People believe they are invincible � Increase heart and respiratory rates which can lead to heart and respiratory failure � PCP or angel dust is one of the most dangerous of all drugs Create distorted sense of time

Assignment � The percentage of high school students who used Ecstacy, Roofies, and Meth in the previous year was 2. 8, 0. 7, and 0. 5 respectively. � Use this information and design a bumper sticker to advocate against using club drugs and stimulants.

22. 4 Healthy Alternatives � � Hobbies Sports Community activities School organizations

22. 4 Drug Prevention Efforts � � Drug-free school zones – areas within 1, 000 to 1, 500 feet of schools and designated by signs. People caught selling drugs receive especially severe penalties Drug watches are organized community by neighborhoods residents to patrol, monitor, report drug deals and drug abuse

Active Learning � Divide yourselves into small groups (no more than 3). Discuss the question: Do you think teens should be responsible for preventing drug use by their friends? Consider how far a friend should go in preventing drug use. Appoint a spokesperson in each group to summarize the group’s conclusions.

The End � Questions?