Chapter 10 section Chapter 10 33 A New

Chapter 10 section Chapter 10 33 A New Foreign Policy

The Panama Canal • needed a shorter route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. • French company had tried to build canal across Panama • Defeated by yellow fever and mismanagement, the company abandoned the project and offered its remaining rights to the United States for $100 million.

Negotiations with Colombia for rights to canal zone. • In 1902, the price that the French were asking for the rights to the canal zone fell to $40 million, Congress authorized the U. S. to negotiate a treaty with Colombia. • When Colombia held out for a better deal, the U. S. supported a revolution by rebels in Panama to gain independence from Colombia. • In return for U. S. support, the Panamanians signed the Hay-Bunau-Villa Treaty that gave the U. S. a permanent grant of a 10 -mile strip of land to build a canal. The U. S. paid $10 million to Panama. • The U. S. later paid Colombia $25 million for the loss of Panama; Colombia recognized Panama’s independence.

Panama Canal Zone

Building the Panama Canal • • • Construction began in 1904 and was completed in 1914. Construction costs were $336, 650, 000. Dr. William C. Gorgas, from Mobile, was enlisted to fight the war on malaria, a disease spread by mosquitoes. Many Americans disagreed with the tactics used to acquire the canal zone, but realized its importance to America by whatever means. The legacy of the U. S. in Latin America was one of ill will.

Roosevelt Corollary-addition to Monroe Dontrine In messages to Congress TR said that the U. S. did not wish to acquire any additional territory, but would act as an international police force against any nations threatening the interests of the U. S. in the Western Hemisphere.

Roosevelt used the new corollary in Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) when the country was on the verge of bankruptcy. The U. S. took over the financial operation of Santo Domingo to repay their debts to European nations to prevent further intervention by those countries.

In Asia TR negotiated a treaty to end the Russo-Japanese war in order to prevent this war from disrupting American trade through the Open Door Policy in China and was fearful of Japan’s growing military strength. This negotiation landed him the Nobel Peace Prize. Teddy Roosevelt is the sun. The bird in the middle is a dove. The dove is hugging Japan and Russia. The bear to the right is a cub. What does this cartoon mean?

TR’s Big Stick Policy • TR used a Native American proverb, “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far. ” • This proverb was used to illustrate TR’s view of American foreign policy and our use of the military when it came to protecting American interests abroad .

What part of the world does this cartoon depict? What point does the cartoonist make?

William Howard Taft was elected in 1908. He would follow a foreign policy of Dollar Diplomacy. • Main goals of Taft: maintain open door in Asia and preserve stability in Latin America • Preferred to “substitute dollars for bullets” by providing investments in foreign countries to fight poverty and disorder that often caused revolutions. • Tactic was not as successful as Taft hoped and the U. S. often lost money around the globe.

Foreign policy under Wilson Woodrow Wilson • Under Wilson, the United States applied more moral and legalistic standards to foreign policy decisions. • Wilson’s policy drew the United States into the complex and bloody Mexican Revolution. The United States was interested in protecting American companies’ investments in Mexico and often supported leaders who were favorable to U. S. interests without protecting the best interests of Mexico (oil companies) • Wilson’s “moral diplomacy” did not work well in Mexico. Many lives were lost, and U. S. financial interests lost ground. • U. S. –Mexico relations were strained for many years.

Map of U. S. interventions 1898 -1934

Assessment questions section 3 Roosevelt’s foreign policy was based on (A) the threat of military intervention. (B) the use of American investments. (C) moral and legalistic standards. (D) the fear of foreign invasion. The “dollar” in the phrase “dollar diplomacy” referred to: (A) bribing foreign diplomats. (B) American investments in other countries. (C) being conservative about buying goods from other countries. (D) spending campaign dollars to influence public opinion.

Section 4 Debating America’s new role

Anti-imperialist arguments • A moral and political argument: Expansionism was a rejection of our nation’s founding principle of “liberty for all. ” • A racial argument: Imperialism was just another form of racism. • An economic argument: Expansion involved too many costs. Maintaining the armed forces required more taxation, debt, and possibly even compulsory, or required, military service. In addition, laborers from other countries would compete for jobs with U. S. workers.

Anti-imperialism

Pro-imperialist arguments • Imperialism offered a new kind of frontier for American expansion. • A new international frontier would keep Americans from losing their competitive edge. • Access to foreign markets made the economy stronger. • In 1907, President Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet, part of the United States Navy, on a cruise around the world to demonstrate U. S. naval power to other nations. American citizens clearly saw the advantages of having a powerful navy.

Great White Fleet Route of Great White Fleet

What did other countries think about American imperialism? • In the Caribbean and Central America, the United States often had to defend governments that were unpopular with local inhabitants. • Many U. S. citizens in Latin America heard the cry “Yankee, Go Home!” • Even before the completion of the Panama Canal, the Panamanians began to complain that they suffered from discrimination. • However, many countries also began to turn to the United States for help. • The United States was both welcomed and rejected in other countries. • The American government still struggles to reconcile its great power and national interests with its relationships with other nations.

“Yankee, go home!” Do other nations still feel this way today?

Section 4 assessment Which of the following was not an argument against imperialism? (A) (B) (C) (D) Foreign workers would compete for jobs against U. S. laborers. Other nations might boycott U. S. goods. Imperialism is another form of racism. Imperialism goes against the founding principles of our nation. Which of the following was not an argument for imperialism? (A) People with non-Western cultures would enrich and strengthen the United States. (B) Access to foreign markets would make a stronger U. S. economy. (C) Imperialism offered a new frontier. (D) Expansion helped to make the United States Navy stronger.