10 Chapter 2 Section 4 Notes Launching the

I. Washington Heads the New Government: • George Washington elected President 1789. • Commander

Hamilton and Jefferson: Two Conflicting Visions • Jefferson favors weak national government and farming

Alexander Hamilton’s Economic Plan • Pay off national debt from the Revolution. • Wants

The First Political Parties • Two-party system: two political groups within the government. •

The Whiskey Rebellion • An excise tax levied on whiskey angers whiskey producers. •

Shays or Whiskey? ? ? SHAYS WHISKEY REBELLION LOCATION CONFLICT RESULT

II. Challenges at Home and Abroad Addressing Foreign Affairs • French monarchy overthrown (1789);

III. Adams Provokes Criticism • Federalist John Adams becomes President. • Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson

Adams Tries to Avoid War • France seizes U. S. ships to retaliate for

The Alien and Sedition Acts • Federalists curb critics of the government; pass Alien

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Jefferson and Madison organize state opposition to Alien and

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#10 Chapter 2 Section 4 Notes Launching the New Nation OBJECTIVE: Understand the challenges that the new American government faced.

I. Washington Heads the New Government: • George Washington elected President 1789. • Commander in Chief of Army and Navy. • Judiciary Act of 1789: Established national courts system. • Congress creates 3 Executive Departments to help President govern. • Thomas Jefferson: Department of State (foreign affairs). • Henry Knox: Department of War (military matters). • Alexander Hamilton: Department of Treasury (finances). • Cabinet: these department heads

Hamilton and Jefferson: Two Conflicting Visions • Jefferson favors weak national government and farming economy. • Hamilton favors strong national government and commercial economy.

Alexander Hamilton’s Economic Plan • Pay off national debt from the Revolution. • Wants national bank to print money and handle taxes. • James Madison (House of Rep from Virginia) says government lacks power to create bank. • Hamilton favors loose, Madison strict interpretation of Constitution.

The First Political Parties • Two-party system: two political groups within the government. • Federalists (North) favor Hamilton, want strong national government. • Democratic-Republicans (South) favor Jefferson, want strong state governments.

The Whiskey Rebellion • An excise tax levied on whiskey angers whiskey producers. • Pennsylvania producers attack tax collectors, national militia responds. • Example of the national government intervening in state affairs. • QUESTION: How is the Whiskey Rebellion different than Shay’s Rebellion?

Shays or Whiskey? ? ? SHAYS WHISKEY REBELLION LOCATION CONFLICT RESULT

II. Challenges at Home and Abroad Addressing Foreign Affairs • French monarchy overthrown (1789); France at war with Britain (1793). • Federalists support Britain, Democratic-Republicans support France. • Washington keeps country neutral and warns against alliances. • Why? ? ?

III. Adams Provokes Criticism • Federalist John Adams becomes President. • Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson becomes Vice-President.

Adams Tries to Avoid War • France seizes U. S. ships to retaliate for U. S. treaty with Britain. • XYZ Affair: low-level French officials demand bribe from the Americans. • Americans are insulted, some want war vs. France. • U. S. and France seize each other’s ships; Adams rejects war.

The Alien and Sedition Acts • Federalists curb critics of the government; pass Alien and Sedition Acts: • Restrict citizenship, free speech; aimed at Democratic-Republicans. • Raise residency requirements; allow jailing or deportation. • Allow jailing or fining people expressing anti-government views.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Jefferson and Madison organize state opposition to Alien and Sedition Acts in Kentucky and Virginia. • Nullification: when a state invalidates laws it deems unconstitutional. • Should nullification be allowed?