Assumption University Thailand EE 4503 Electrical Systems Design

Assumption University Thailand EE 4503 Electrical Systems Design Cable 1

Assumption University Thailand Topics • Introduction to Cables • Cables for low voltage • Cables for high voltage • Cable selection 2

Assumption University Thailand Cables • Functionality – Conduct electrical power from one point to other • Components – Conductor – Insulator (optional) 3

Assumption University Thailand Cables - Conductor • Physical – Solid – Strand: flexible, reduce skin effect • Material – Copper – Aluminum 4

Assumption University Thailand Cables - Conductor http: //www. cedengineering. com/upload/Electrical%20 Conductors. pdf http: //www. geindustrial. com/Newsletter/Aluminum_vs_Copper. pdf 5

Assumption University Thailand Cables - Insulator • Prevent the physical contact: between two cables, cable-to-ground – Physical durable e. g. impact, heat – Chemical durable, e. g. erosion • Commonly used – Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) – Cross linked Polyethylene (XLPE) 6

Assumption University Thailand Cables - Insulator http: //www. gridcables. com/power-cable. html 7

Assumption University Thailand Cables for High Voltage • Withstand the high voltage: insulator (if any) need to be good. • Long distance transmission: Cable cost & Installation cost (e. g. electricity pole) • Two main types – Bare Wires (reduce cost) – Insulated Wires 8

Assumption University Thailand High Voltage Cables Bare Wires • Made of Aluminum for lower cost • Transmission system (not distribution system for safety): Reduce usage: animals, accident, etc. • AAC: All Aluminum Cable • AAAC: All Aluminum Alloy Cable • ACSR: Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced 9

Assumption University Thailand High Voltage Cables Bare Wires • AAC: Basic type, for shorter span • AAAC: Improve the property of Aluminum by making it as an alloy stronger, larger span, corrosion resistance (e. g. sea) • ACSR: Insert the steel in the core to have more tension. 10

Assumption University Thailand High Voltage Cables Insulated Wires • For safety and prevent interruption • PIC: Partial Insulated Cable • SAC: Space Aerial Cable • XLPE: Cross-linked Polyethylene http: //www. huffingtonpost. co. uk/2012/03/26/northamptons hire-fire-crew-hot-air-balloonist_n_1378971. html 11

Assumption University Thailand High Voltage Cables Insulated Wires - PIC http: //www. thaiyazaki-electricwire. co. th/products/pdf/edit_pdf/hvmvpc/33 kv_oc. pdf 12

Assumption University Thailand High Voltage Cables Insulated Wires - SAC http: //www. thaiyazaki-electricwire. co. th/products/pdf/edit_pdf/hvmvpc/35 kv_cc. pdf 13

Assumption University Thailand High Voltage Cables Insulated Wires - XLPE http: //www. thaiyazaki-electricwire. co. th/products/pdf/edit_pdf/hvmvpc/115 kv_ce. pdf 14

Assumption University Thailand Cables for Low Voltage • Below 750 V • Conductor: Aluminum or Copper • Insulator: PVC or XLPE • Number of Conductor: 1 or many • Special Type to suite the need: Fire Retardent 15

Assumption University Thailand Cables for Low Voltage (see pdf) • PVC – NAY (aluminum) • XLPE – CV – THW • MI – VAF • Fire Safety Cable – VCT – Flame Retardant – NYY (double shealth) – Fire Resistant 16

Assumption University Thailand Cables for Low Voltage Fire Resistant Cable • Flame Retardancy • Flame Propagation • Acid and Corrosive Gas Emission • Smoke Emission • Fire Resistance (Circuit Integrity) 17

Assumption University Thailand Cables for Low Voltage Fire Resistant Cable • Fire Alarm System • Computer Network System • Building Automation System • Closed Circuit TV System • Emergency Lighting System • Elevators and Escalators System • Public Address System • Standby Power System • Fire Pumps and Pressurized Stairs • Etc. 18

Assumption University Thailand Assignments • Take pictures of the cable that you can see and classify the types of those cables. • Take pictures of the name-plates 19

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection • Usage: Table 5 -16 (EIT Standard 2001 -51) for low voltage cable • Rated Voltage: 300 V or 750 V • Rated Current • Multiple Conductors • Voltage Drop 20

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Rated Current • Size of Conductor • Type of Insulator • Ambient Temperature • Installation Conditions: – Calculation: BCC - Technical_data_Cable – Table: BCC - Installation. Guide, AS_NZS_3008. 1. 1_2009 21

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Rated Current Installation Conditions (3. 1) Handout: BCC - Installation Guide. pdf 22

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Rated Current Installation Conditions (3. 1 t) Handout: BCC - Installation Guide. pdf 23

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Rated Current Installation Conditions (3. 2) Handout: BCC - Installation Guide. pdf 24

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Rated Current Installation Conditions (3. 2 t) Handout: BCC - Installation Guide. pdf 25

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Rated Current Installation Conditions (3. 3) Handout: BCC - Installation Guide. pdf 26

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Rated Current Installation Conditions (3. 3 t) Handout: BCC - Installation Guide. pdf 27

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Rated Current Number of Cables in a Conduit Handout: BCC - Installation Guide. pdf 28

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Multiple Conductors • To increase the rated current Handout: BCC - Installation Guide. pdf 29

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Multiple Conductors • Only for cable from 50 sq. mm. and up • Same type of cables • Same length • Same wiring method 30

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Voltage Drop • Voltage drop due to the impedance of the cable • NEC – Main incoming to load: no more than 5% – Feeder: no more than 2% – Branch Circuit: no more than 3% 31

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Voltage Drop Zcable 220 V (AC) Zload 32

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Voltage Drop • 33

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Voltage Drop Calculation • 34

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Voltage Drop Calculation http: //www. east-med. schneider-electric. com/documents/electrical-distribution/en/shared/eig_guide 2010/Doc-pourvisualisation_basse_def. pdf 35

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Rated Current Calculation http: //www. east-med. schneider-electric. com/documents/electrical-distribution/en/shared/eig_guide 2010/Doc-pourvisualisation_basse_def. pdf 36

Assumption University Thailand Equivalent Circuits Impedance: table for PVC cables • 2. 5 7. 400 0. 155 70 0. 264 0. 097 4 4. 625 0. 141 95 0. 195 0. 096 6 3. 083 0. 131 120 0. 154 0. 094 10 1. 850 0. 121 150 0. 123 0. 092 16 1. 156 0. 113 185 0. 100 0. 091 25 0. 740 0. 107 240 0. 077 0. 090 35 0. 529 0. 103 300 0. 062 0. 089 50 0. 370 0. 100 400 0. 051 0. 088 Electrical Systems Design: ��������� 37

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Rated Current From Table http: //www. east-med. schneider-electric. com/documents/electrical-distribution/en/shared/eig_guide 2010/Doc-pourvisualisation_basse_def. pdf 38

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – General Rules • 20% to 25% factor. • Using current or VA (not power). 39

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Examples • Water Heater 6 k. W – in Air or in Metal Conduit • Microwave 2, 300 VA • Industrial Heater 40 k. W, 400 V 3 phase – 40 o. C or 50 o. C 40

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Examples • Motor 37 k. W, 400 V, In=72 A – DOL & Star-Delta • Motor 60 k. W, 400 V, pf. =0. 8 • Room – receptacles 2. 5 k. VA – lighting 500 VA 41

Assumption University Thailand Cable Selection – Examples • The voltage drop in the USB cable is one of limitations for the charging capability. The smaller size 28 AWG (3 ft) can handle about 0. 6 A to be within the +/-5% requirement. The larger size 20 AWG (3 ft) will handle 4. 0 A. 42

Assumption University Thailand Handout • BCC - Installation Guide • HELUKABEL - Installation Operating Conditions • AS_NZS_3008. 1. 1_2009 43

Assumption University Thailand Reference • Electrical Systems Design: ����� • Thai Electrical Code 2002: EIT Standard 2001 -51 • http: //www. bangkokcable. com • http: //www. thaiyazaki-electricwire. co. th • Electrical Installation Guide 2010: schneider-electric 44