Applications of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems in NEDO

Applications of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems in NEDO Projects International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing PV Power Generation Systems in Mongolia January 29, 2007 Toshiharu Yagi International Projects Management Division Energy and Environment Technology Center New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

Outline （１） PV Power Generation System Applications （２）Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan （３）Further Application of NEDO’s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects 1

（１）　PV Power Generation Systems Application Sloped Type Rooftops Walls Ａ．Installation of PV modules** （２）BIPV and NEDO Projects Rooftop installed Flat Rooftop integrated* Rooftop integrated type Wall installed Roof material type Wall integrated* Windows *ＢＩＰＶ Window* Ceiling* Others Window roof* Louver* Monuments, etc. Ｂ．Systems （３）International Cooperative Demonstration Projects Stand-alone systems Water supply Hybrid systems Electrification Grid connected systems Resolving power supply restrictions Microgrids Effective power utilization Applications **Source: Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA) 2

Outline （１）PV Power Generation System Applications （２）Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan （３）Further Application of NEDO’s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects 3

（2）－1　NEDO’s activities for the introduction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) １．FY 1993 - FY 1996 　R&D on integrating PV modules into construction materials to combine PV arrays with buildings and reduce system installation costs ２．FY 1997 – FY 2000 　Further R&D on PV modules to develop new types of BIPV ３．FY 1998 Field testing of developed BIPV that has reached a certain technological level, to confirm performance and economic efficiency, as well as to improve reliability 4

(2) – 2 PV power field tests ３．BIPV component ratios (when adopted for field tests) 100% MW Fiscal Year 15 40% ７ 10 ５ 4% 8% 11% 5% FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 Efficiency improvement New type of control BIPV New type of PV module Total capacity 5 0 FY 2006 Fiscal Year Total　 1, 130 MW ４．Domestic cumulative capacity 30% installed in public sector/ industrial sector k. W 　　　 J/W M W Cumulative capacity (MW) 50% 0% Cumulative capacity　　　　 Installation cost 20 60% 30% Yen/W ２０ 70% 10% 　　　 25 80% 20% ２．Cumulative installed capacity/ installation costs for field tests 30 ２４ 90% Project ratio １．Objectives: 　 n　Cost reduction/standardization n　Identification of performance/ economic efficiency as well as improvement of reliability n　Subsidies: 50% W 　Off grid 　On grid Fiscal Year 5

(2) – 3 Roof top installations　 Rooftops Rooftop installed type Sloped rooftops Saishunkan hilltop botanical garden plant (480 k. W) Kameyama factories (5, 150 k. W), Sharp Corporation 6

(2) – 4 Roof top integrated ＢＩＰＶ Rooftop integrated type JR East Takasaki station (100 k. W) Tamiya Seisakusho, greenhouse (30 k. W) 7

(2) – 5 BIPV wall integrated ＢＩＰＶ Walls Wall integrated type Tuzuki post office, Yokohama (8. 5 k. W)　 Walls Wall integrated type Kyocera Corporation headquarters (214 k. W) (rooftop: 57 k. W + wall: 157 k. W) 8

(2) – 6 Others ＢＩＰＶ Windows Ceiling type Panasonic center (16 k. W) Others Louver type Residential care home for the elderly (2. 2 k. W) 9

Project for Supporting New Energy Operators (FY 2001) Rental apartments with PV power generation systems (Received the 10 th METI Minister’s Awards (Gold Prize)) １． PV 1. 55ｋW× 43 households 　　（1. 665ｋW for common use space ） 　　Total capacity: 66. 165ｋW ２．All electrification with ECO CUTE and IH cooking heaters 　　　 10

“See-through Type Photovoltaic Modules” 　 “See-through type PV modules” introduced for the first time in Kyushu, Japan, allow light to come in through the ceiling. 11

Outline （１）PV Power Generation System Applications （２）Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan （３）Further Application NEDO’s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects 12

（3）－１　Project objectives Background Environmentally friendly photovoltaic power generation systems can provide nearly unlimited energy and require minimal, uncomplicated maintenance. Expanding photovoltaic power generation is essential for oil-alternative energy development. International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems To develop practical uses for PV power generation systems, it is necessary to enhance systems from the perspective of cost reductions and improved reliability through verification tests. International cooperative verification is expected to obtain data under host countries’ distinctive climatic and social systems that cannot be replicated in Japan. l. NEDO conducts domestic research activities to resolve technical issues for the introduction of dispersed power sources such as PV power generation systems. l. Overseas project implementation aims to contribute to host countries’ sustainable development. 13

（3）－2 Project scheme Japanese side Host country side Agreement on basic provisions of the project ＮＥＤＯ Work Entrustment Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Concretization Responsible Government Organizations Instructions for Cooperation Implementers Entrusted Company Japanese work sharing responsibilities: Surveys/planning, design/ manufacturing of primary equipment, transportation to the host country, construction, installation, commissioning, adjustment and demonstration Others (cooperation in holding seminars for maintenance of equipment) Implementation Document (ID) Detailed agreement on practical project matters, if necessary Implementation of specified work (Municipal governments, power companies, research institutes, universities, state-owned enterprises) Host country work sharing responsibilities: Cooperation in basic surveys, cooperation in design of equipment (including layouting), involvement in demonstrative operations/equipment maintenance Others (tax exemptions, securement of lands/methods for accessing project sites) 14

（3）－3　Project sites Abundant solar radiation with much less rain ２ ８ Beijing 13 12 14 １ ７ 11 ３ Bangkok 15 ６ ５ ９ 10 ４ Abundant solar radiation with rainy seasons 15

（３) – 4 PV systems On Grid ④ Hybrid　-　Mini　Grid Off Grid （３）Deviation due to complicated pattern of tidal current ① Water Pumping ② SHS ③ BCS PC （２） Islanding （１） Elevated voltage Large-scale　PV ④ Village electrification system ⑤ Grid connecting system for Industrials For Residential 16

（3）－5　Past projects Stand-alone systems Hybrid systems Grid connected systems 1992 -1998 -2006 2003 -2006 l. Water-pumping PV l. PV + micro hydro l. Public/industrial use system ([1] Nepal) （[5] Vietnam/[9] Cambodia ） （[12]Beijing/ [15]Bangkok) l. Portable PV system l. PV + pumping-up （[11] Laos） （[2] Mongolia）　 Total: l. Battery charging station PV system l. PV + wind power Period: 1992 -2006 （[7] Myanmar/[14] China） ([3] Thailand） l. PV + biogas ([10] Cambodia） l. Village electrification ([4] Malaysia） l. PV + diesel power （[6] Thailand/[8] Mongolia/[7]Myanmar /[13] China) Host countries: 9 # of projects: 15 Systems: 3 types 17

【７】 Demonstrative Research on a Grid-connected １．Project site location: 200 km west of Yangon, facing Bay of Bengal Photov ４．System configuration: Power plant ２．Principal industries: agriculture, fishery, tourism (resort/beaches)　 DEG ３．Site conditions: coastal area, power supply restriction due to a rotating system for operation 　　　　　　Power supply significantly increased Inverter Demand side Village Icemaker Inverter Wind power PV Hotel Batteries PV power generation: 80ｋW, wind power generation: 40 k. W, DEG: 60 k. W, ballast load: 24 k. W ５．Results: n　Stable power supply during rapid changes of the climate or load n　Demand Side Mａｎａｇｅｍｅｎt by an icemaker 18

【 10】 Demonstrative Research Project on Combined Power Generation Units for Grid-connected System (PV + biogas) in Cambodia 2002 -2004 １．Project site location: 2 hour drive from Phnom Penh in the direction of Sihanoukville ２．Principal industry: agriculture ３．Site conditions: plain field, non-electrified area with one village of 210 households 　　　　　 Electrified ４．System configuration: Power plant Biomass gasification plant Cattle 　 house Demand side Tapioca plant Inverter Methane gas ＰＶ Inverter ＧＥＧ Village PV power generation: 50 k. W, biogas power generation: 70 k. W (biogas rated output: 303 m 3/day） ５．Results: n　Interconnected operation control absorbing unstable PV power output auxiliary machinery n　Effectiveness of a hybrid system with biomass gas power generation 19

【１１】 Demonstrative Research Project on Small-scale Pumping Up Power Generation System with Photovoltaic in Laos 2003 - 2005 ４．System configuration: １．Project site location: 30 km northwest of Power plant Luang Prabang ２．Principal industry: rice cultivation ３．Site conditions: mountainous/non-electrified area with 10 villages (approx. 900 households with 5000 persons) 　　　　 Approx. 500 households were electrified. Water flow pond pumping MH PV Demand side Village Inverter Village Lifting pump Village PV power generation: 100 k. W, hydro power generation: 70 k. W, lifting pump: 7. 5 k. W pump×８ ５．Results: n. Battery alternative effect by pumping up power generation n. Establishment of maintenance scheme 20

【１５】 Development of Islanding Prevention Methods Under Clustered PV Conditions and Improvement of Electricity Quality in Thailand 2004 - 2006 ２．Industry: rice vermicelli manufacturing plant and Thailand Environment Institute ４．System configuration: Commercial power plant Rice vermicelli manufacturing plant and TEI Substation Batteries ３．Site conditions: suburbs of Bangkok Load Power plant ５．Results: Inverter １．Project site location: 30 km west and 20 km north of Bangkok PC a-Si　PV PC Bulk PV PV power generation: 155 k. W. Batteries: 70 k. Wh n　New methods for islanding prevention n　Technology development and demonstration of voltage control n　Output characteristics of amorphous PV under high temperature 21

（３）- 6 Research results ① Diversification of hybrid PV power generation systems: 　 Particularly, various combinations of hybrid/mini-grid systems. Data acquisition (DEG, biogas engine, micro-hydro and wind power) ② Technical issues in energy utilization: 　 Effective utilization of PV power output (combined with other power sources, monitoring capacity of storage batteries, DSM), battery-free systems (PV+ hydro pumped to reservoir), improvement of battery cycle life (advanced storage batteries) ③ Resolving technical power grid connection problems when integrating large-scale dispersed power sources: 　 Identification of impact on power grids, establishment of 　　 operational control systems using storage batteries and twoway inverters, stabilizing power output interconnection by isolating erratic power output, new method for islanding detection, and supply of reactive power, etc. 22

（3）－7 Project implementation objectives International Cooperative Demonstration Project for Stabilized and Advanced Grid-connection PV Systems l　Stabilization of micro-grid operation l　Power supply less affected by brownouts/blackouts Updated scheme of International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems l Capacitors to control momentary power fluctuations 　　・　Small-scale power grids 　　・　Large-scale power grids l　Development of design supporting tools l Support for improvement of maintenance skills 23

（５）　Project results Results of International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems Results for Japan l Reliability/durability of stand-alone systems were confirmed l Operation control of each type of hybrid system was verified Development of design support tools Support for improvement of maintenance skills l Implementation and results of demonstrative research on grid connection technology 　　Identification of impact/verification of PV output variations, new methods for islanding detection, application of Japanese grid-connection technology guidelines, etc. Stabilization of micro-grid, high-quality power supply, application of capacitors, integrated control systems, etc. Contributions to host countries l Planning and implementation of 100, 000 ger electrification in Mongolia l Introduction of battery charging station in Thailand Support for introduction plan Support for establishment of maintenance scheme l Dissemination of PV power generation systems Shared knowledge of grid-connection technologies l Introduction and dissemination of grid-connected systems 24

Thank you for your attention. 25