Animal Reproduction Terms Animal Science Reproduction when organisms

• Reproduction: when organisms multiply or produce offspring • Sexual Reproduction: involves the

• Copulation: The mating of a male and female • The male gamete

• Embryo: the new animal • Parturition: act of giving birth • final

Male Reproduction Parts • Scrotum: saclike part of the male reproduction system – Outside

• Cryptorchidism: when a male has 1 or both testicles held in the

• Epididymis – tube connected to each testicle – Sperm cells stored here

• Urethra – tube carries urine from bladder - Found in both males

• Semen – mixture of seminal and prostate fluid and sperm • Penis

Female Reproductive Parts • Female parts are very different from male parts • Produces

• Fetus – embryo in later stages • Ovaries – cow has 2

• Ovaries also form the Corpus Luteum • Oviducts – 2 tubes –

• Uterus – place for fetus to grow – - Womb – -

Breeding • Estrus Cycle – Estrus – also known as heat – Time during

• Ovulation – release of the egg cell from the ovary – #

• After ovulation corpus luteum forms on ovary – - Releases progesterone •

• Atrophy -wastes away -if not fert. • Fraternal twins – animal releases

• Fertilization – union of sperm and egg cells – Occurs in infundibulum

• Parturition – process of giving birth • Progesterone decreases • Estrogen increases

Slides: 19

Download presentation

Animal Reproduction Terms Animal Science

• Reproduction: when organisms multiply or produce offspring • Sexual Reproduction: involves the union of a male and female gamete • Asexual reproduction: does not involve gametes -Ex. Simple cell division

• Copulation: The mating of a male and female • The male gamete (sperm) is placed in the reproductive tract of the female • Sperm moves toward egg cell • Fertilization: occurs when sperm penetrates the egg cell

• Embryo: the new animal • Parturition: act of giving birth • final step in reproduction

Male Reproduction Parts • Scrotum: saclike part of the male reproduction system – Outside the body cavity – Contains the testicles and epididymis • Sterile: cannot produce live sperm • Ridgeling/ Ridgel: male with 1 or both testicles held in the body cavity

• Cryptorchidism: when a male has 1 or both testicles held in the body cavity • Testicles: produce sperm - produce hormone – testosterone • chemical compounds that help regulate body functions

• Epididymis – tube connected to each testicle – Sperm cells stored here while they mature • Vas deferens – connects epididymis with urethra • Spermatic cord – sheath that protects vas deferens

• Urethra – tube carries urine from bladder - Found in both males and females - Semen also moves through the urethra • Accessory glands - create fluids for certain tasks – - Seminal vesicles – open into urethra – - Fluid protects and transports sperm – - Prostate gland – near the urethra and bladder • - Fluid mixed w/ seminal fluid – - Cowper’s gland – Fluid moves ahead of seminal fluid • - Fluid cleans and neutralizes urethra

• Semen – mixture of seminal and prostate fluid and sperm • Penis – deposits semen w/in female reprod. System • Signoid flexure – extend penis from sheath • Retractor muscle – extend penis from sheath – Draws penis back into sheath after copulation • Sheath – tubular fold of skin

Female Reproductive Parts • Female parts are very different from male parts • Produces female gametes / sex cells eggs • Must provide a place for fetus to grow

• Fetus – embryo in later stages • Ovaries – cow has 2 – - Hundreds of tiny follicles – - Produce eggs – - 2 Female sex hormones are also produced here • - Estrogen & Progesterone

• Ovaries also form the Corpus Luteum • Oviducts – 2 tubes – Carry eggs from ovaries to uterus – Fallopian tubes • Infundibulum – Funnel-shaped end of each oviduct that is close to the ovary

• Uterus – place for fetus to grow – - Womb – - Has 2 horns or branches that are connected to oviducts • Cervix – neck of the uterus – - Separates uterus from vagina • Vagina – passage between cervix and vulva – - Fetus passes through at birth • Vulva - external opening of the reproductive & urinary systems

Breeding • Estrus Cycle – Estrus – also known as heat – Time during which the female will accept the male for copulation – Begins when old enough to be bred – Begins when a follicle on the ovary begins to develop – Estrogen causes the animal to show signs of heat

• Ovulation – release of the egg cell from the ovary – # of young indicates # of egg cells – Usually near end of cycle – Follicle breaks open & releases egg into oviduct

• After ovulation corpus luteum forms on ovary – - Releases progesterone • • 1) Fertilized egg implanted in uterus 2) Other eggs are stopped from forming 3) Maintain pregnant condition 4) Begin development of mammary glands produce milk

• Atrophy -wastes away -if not fert. • Fraternal twins – animal releases more than 1 egg at ovulation • Identical twins – egg cell divides to form 2 animals

• Fertilization – union of sperm and egg cells – Occurs in infundibulum – 1 sperm cell • Gestation – time during pregnancy • Umbilical cord – carries nutrients through blood vessels and oxygen & carry off waste • Placenta – attached to umbilical cord • Diffusion – movement of food, oxygen, and wastes from areas of high concentration to low

• Parturition – process of giving birth • Progesterone decreases • Estrogen increases – uterine muscles contract • Umbilical cord broken @ birth • - Colostrum – 1 st milk – - Rich in antibodies, vitamins, & minerals needed – - Antibodies – substances that protect animal from infections and poisons – - Afterbirth – placenta and other membranes not expelled