Anatomy Physiology SIXTH EDITION Chapter 23 part 2

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Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Chapter 23, part 2 The Respiratory System Power. Point®

Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Chapter 23, part 2 The Respiratory System Power. Point® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Frederic H. Martini Fundamentals of

SECTION 23 -5 The Lungs Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as

SECTION 23 -5 The Lungs Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Lobes and surfaces of the lungs • Lobes of the lung are separated by

Lobes and surfaces of the lungs • Lobes of the lung are separated by fissures • Right lung has three lobes • Left lung has two lobes • Concavity on medial surface = cardiac notch Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 23. 7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education,

Figure 23. 7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 7

Figure 23. 7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education,

Figure 23. 7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 7

Figure 23. 7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education,

Figure 23. 7 The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 7

Figure 23. 8 The Relationship between the Lungs and the Heart Copyright © 2004

Figure 23. 8 The Relationship between the Lungs and the Heart Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 8

The bronchial tree • System of tubes formed from the primary bronchi and their

The bronchial tree • System of tubes formed from the primary bronchi and their branches • Primary bronchi branch into secondary or lobar bronchi • Secondary bronchus goes to each lobe of the lungs • Secondary bronchi branch into tertiary bronchi • Tertiary bronchi supply air to a single bronchopulmonary segment • Cartilage in walls decrease and smooth muscle increase with branching Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 23. 10 The Bronchi and Lobules of the Lung Copyright © 2004 Pearson

Figure 23. 10 The Bronchi and Lobules of the Lung Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 10 a

Figure 23. 10 The Bronchi and Lobules of the Lung Copyright © 2004 Pearson

Figure 23. 10 The Bronchi and Lobules of the Lung Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 10 b

The bronchioles • Ultimately branch into terminal bronchioles • Delivers air to a single

The bronchioles • Ultimately branch into terminal bronchioles • Delivers air to a single pulmonary lobule • Terminal bronchiole becomes respiratory bronchioles • Connective tissue of root branches to form interlobar septa Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Alveolar ducts and alveoli • Respiratory bronchioles end in ducts and sacs • Respiratory

Alveolar ducts and alveoli • Respiratory bronchioles end in ducts and sacs • Respiratory exchange surfaces connected to circulatory system via pulmonary circuit PLAY Animation: Lungs Flythrough Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 23. 11 The Bronchioles Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as

Figure 23. 11 The Bronchioles Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 11

Respiratory Membrane • Simple squamous epithelium • Endothelial cell lining an adjacent capillary •

Respiratory Membrane • Simple squamous epithelium • Endothelial cell lining an adjacent capillary • Fused basal laminae Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cells of the respiratory membrane include • Septal cells • Scattered in respiratory membrane

Cells of the respiratory membrane include • Septal cells • Scattered in respiratory membrane • Produce surfactant • Alveolar Macrophage • Patrol epithelium and engulf foreign particles PLAY Animation: Respiratory Structures Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 23. 12 Alveolar Organization Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as

Figure 23. 12 Alveolar Organization Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 12 a-c

The blood supply to the lungs • Conducting portions • Receive blood from external

The blood supply to the lungs • Conducting portions • Receive blood from external carotids, thyrocervical, bronchial arteries • Respiratory exchange surfaces • receive blood from the arteries of the pulmonary circuit • are the source of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) • Pulmonary veins return blood to the left atrium Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The pleural cavities and pleural membranes • Each lung covered by one pleura •

The pleural cavities and pleural membranes • Each lung covered by one pleura • Pleura – serous membranes lining the pleural cavity • Parietal - attaches to the walls of the pleural cavity • Visceral - adheres to the surface of the lungs • Pleural fluid – fills and lubricates the space between the pleura Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

SECTION 23 -6 An Overview of Respiratory Physiology Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

SECTION 23 -6 An Overview of Respiratory Physiology Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Respiratory physiology is a series of integrated processes • Internal respiration • Exchange of

Respiratory physiology is a series of integrated processes • Internal respiration • Exchange of gases between interstitial fluid and cells • External respiration • Exchange of gases between interstitial fluid and the external environment • The steps of external respiration include: • Pulmonary ventilation • Gas diffusion • Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 23. 13 An Overview of Key Steps in Respiration Copyright © 2004 Pearson

Figure 23. 13 An Overview of Key Steps in Respiration Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23. 13