YEAR 11 AMERICAN WEST REVISION PART ONE REVISION

YEAR 11 AMERICAN WEST REVISION

PART ONE: - REVISION – THE STRUCTURE, LAYOUT, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

STRUCTURE AND FORMAT OF THE PAPER One hour 15 minutes 4 questions, one of which is in two parts (which makes 5 questions) Q 1) Infer (3 -4 mins) Q 2) Explain (15 mins) Q 3 or Q 4) Explain (20 mins) Q 5 a) – Describe (15 mins) Q 5 b) – Explains two sides to an argument (20 mins)

Q 1) INFERENCE QUESTION (4 MARKS) Answer 1 ‘I can see a man on a horse shooting a gun and entering what looks like a saloon. The cowboys could be having a gunfight or they might have just robbed a bank. Either way they seem to be having a good time’ Answer 2 ‘I can tell that the life of a cowboy was dangerous, fast paced, fun and exciting. The cowboys look like they are ready to have a good time after the long drive and are shooting their pistols in celebration that they can spend their hard earned money in the saloon at the end of their thirsty journey’ Of the two answers above which is better and why?

Q 1) INFERENCE QUESTION (4 MARKS) Avoid description! ‘I can see a man on a horse shooting a gun and entering what looks like a saloon. The cowboys could be having a gunfight or they might have Purple = inference/sugg just robbed a bank. Either estions way they seem to be having a good time’ Red=Contextu al knowledge Green = Source detail Infer ‘I can tell that the life of a cowboy was dangerous, fast paced, fun and exciting. The cowboys look like they are ready to have a good time after the long drive and are shooting their pistols in celebration that they can spend their hard earned money in the saloon at the end of their thirsty journey’ Answer 2 – it would score 4/4 for the reasons highlighted in colour. Did these match up to the points from your discussion? Answer 1 would score 1/4 because it describes NOT infers.

. . . over to you. . . DISCUSS HOW YOU WOULD ANSWER this 4 mark question

What would you score this answer out of 4?

This answer would still get 4. Make one good inference, then move on. No need for two if you get the first one right! Notice that the point/inference comes first (red) backed up by the evidence (purple)

Q 2) EXPLANATION QUESTION (9 MARKS)

OF THE TWO ANSWERS BELOW WHICH IS BETTER AND WHY? Answer 1 Answer 2 Technology was particularly important for helping homesteaders. Lots of new machines were invented. The wind-pump helped homesteaders by providing them with water. It was naturally powered and extracted water from deep beneath the plains. • Homesteaders had to overcome important challenges to living on the plains. A key problem was access to water as there was little rainfall in a year and when there was it quickly evaporated in the summer heat. The invention of the wind-pump helped solve this problem by using natural wind power to extract water deep in the ground beneath the plains. This advance in technology allowed farmers to be more successful in irrigating their crops, reducing the risk of crop failure and avoiding possible starvation. Another technological innovation which greatly helped the homesteaders to live on the plains was the invention of barbed wire by a man called Joseph Glidden in 1874. A key problem was that cattle and buffalo could trample and eat crops. Barbed wire was used by homesteaders across the plains to build fences.

OF THE TWO ANSWERS BELOW WHICH IS BETTER AND WHY? C/D Black = point Red=Knowledge Purple = Explanation Green = link to question Technology was particularly important for helping homesteaders. Lots of new machines were invented. The wind-pump helped homesteaders by providing them with water. It was naturally powered and extracted water from deep beneath the plains. Another technological innovation which greatly helped the homesteaders to live on the plains was the invention of barbed wire by a man called Joseph Glidden in 1874. A key problem was that cattle and buffalo could trample and eat crops. Barbed wire was used by homesteaders across the plains to build fences. A*-B • Homesteaders had to overcome important challenges to living on the plains. A key problem was access to water as there was little rainfall in a year and when there was it quickly evaporated in the summer heat. The invention of the wind-pump helped solve this problem by using natural wind power to extract water deep in the ground beneath the plains. These advances in technology allowed farmers to be more successful in growing and cultivating their crops, reducing the risk of crop failure and avoiding possible starvation. This made living on the plains possible at difficult times of drought Answer 2 – for the reasons highlighted in colour. Did these match up to the points from your discussion?

i. e. it was given 8 out of 9. Note the technique – the student has identified the problem and explained how it was solved Task Underline the P. E. E. L In the last paragraph.

ONTO QUESTION 3 OR 4 – YOU HAVE CHOICE. THE CANDIDATES ON THE NEXT SLIDE CHOSE Q 3

Q 3) ANOTHER EXPLANATION QUESTION BUT A BIT LONGER! (12 MARKS) Tip - Use the information in the bullet points and any extra information you know that you could relate to the question.

OF THE TWO ANSWERS BELOW WHICH IS THE BETTER AND WHY? • Part of the Indians’ culture was their belief in the Great Spirit Wakan Tanka. This belief effected everything they did and how they lived their lives. For example, the Indians used hunted and used Buffalos. They made sure that every part of the Buffalo was used to great effect. They used the tail as a fly swotter which helped keep flies away. Buffalo dung was used a a fuel for fire – this helped them live by keeping them warm on the harsh climate of the plains. • The Indians believed in the Great Spirit Wakan Tanka. This belief held that everything was possessed with a spirit from animals to the rocks, mountains and grass. These beliefs helped to shape the way Indians lived their life. When they hunted Buffalo they showed it enormous respect, performing the Buffalo Dance to ensure a good hunt. When they went on the hunt they only hunted what they needed. Furthermore, when they slaughtered the Buffalo they made sure each part of it was used for food, clothing and weapons. This was out of respect for the Great Spirit and the Buffalo. Having this belief enabled them to live successfully on the plains as they lived in balance with the buffalo preserving a food source vital to their nomadic existence on the plains. Please note the two responses are just part answers – the two candidates are first focusing on the first point about the Plains Indians beliefs in Spirits.

OF THE TWO ANSWERS BELOW WHICH IS THE BETTER AND WHY? • Part of the Indians’ culture was their belief in the Great Spirit Wakan Tanka. This belief effected everything they did and how they lived their lives. For example, the Indians used hunted and used Buffalos. They made sure that every part of the Buffalo was used to great effect. They used the tail as a fly swotter which helped keep flies away. Buffalo dung was used a a fuel for fire – this helped them live by keeping them warm on the harsh climate of the plains. • The Indians believed in the Great Spirit Wakan Tanka. This belief held that everything was possessed with a spirit from animals to the rocks, mountains and grass. These beliefs helped to shape the way Indians lived their life. When they hunted Buffalo they showed it enormous respect, performing the Buffalo Dance to ensure a good hunt. When they went on the hunt they only hunted what they needed. Furthermore, when they slaughtered the Buffalo they made sure each part of it was used for food, clothing and weapons. This was out of respect for the Great Spirit and the Buffalo. Having this belief enabled them to live successfully on the plains as they lived in balance with the buffalo leaving enough alive and therefore preserving a food source vital to their nomadic existence on the plains. Please note the two responses are just part answers – the two candidates are first focusing on the first point about the Plains Indians beliefs in Spirits.

Black = point Red= evidence/explanation Purple = analysis – linking to question This answer scored 12/12 Task – can you highlight the P. E. E. L on the

NOW, A CHOICE OF Q 5 A&B OR Q 6 A&B

5 A) DESCRIBE QUESTION (9 MARKS) Tip – even though it asks you to describe it’s best to explain!

WHAT DO YOU THINK – MAKE A CHOICE? An important reason for the Mormon success was the leadership of Brigham Young was an effective organiser and strict disciplinarian who made sure that the Mormons arrived safely at Salt Lake City. He had made sure that the party had the correct equipment, the right amount of food and the right people to make the journey to Salt Lake City. He had taught the Mormons how to organise their wagon trains effectively and this helped to protect them against Indian attack. This meant that the Mormons arrived safely in Salt Lake City and could begin the work of building the city. • An important reason for the Mormon success at Salt Lake City was the leadership provided by Brigham Young, He was an effective organiser and disciplinarian who found solutions to many of the problems that the Mormons found when they were trying to make a permament settlement at Salt Lake City. For example there were simply not enough people for the community to be entirely self-sufficient - so Young called Mormons from all over the world to go to Salt Lake to help out by setting up the perpetual Emigration fund. This encouraged Mormons from Europe to migrate in return for free passage to Salt Lake City. As a result, large numbers of Mormons migrated to Salt Lake City (although many died on the way) who helped to establish the city as a permanent settlement with people who had skills (engineers, joiners) to help the community become self sufficient and successful. This can be attributed to Young’s Leadership and his awareness of the need to solve the shortage of skilled Labour in order to keep the City alive.

WHAT DO YOU THINK – MAKE A CHOICE? A*-B C/D An important reason for the Mormon success was the leadership of Brigham Young was an effective organiser and strict disciplinarian who made sure that the Mormons arrived safely at Salt Lake City. He had made sure that the party had the correct equipment, the right amount of food and the right people to make the journey to Salt Lake City. He had taught the Mormons how to organise their wagon trains effectively and this helped to protect them against Indian attack. This meant that the Mormons arrived safely in Salt Lake City and could begin the work of building the city. An important reason for the Mormon success at Salt Lake City was the leadership provided by Brigham Young, He was an effective organiser and disciplinarian who found solutions to many of the problems that the Mormons found when they were trying to make a permament settlement at Salt Lake City. For example there were simply not enough people for the community to be entirely selfsufficient - so Young called Mormons from all over the world to go to Salt Lake to help out by setting up his perpetual Emigration fund which encouraged Mormons from Europe to migrate in return for free passage to Salt Lake City. As a result, large numbers of Mormons migrated to Salt Lake City (although many died on the way) who helped to establish the city as a permanent settlement with people who had skills (engineers, joiners) to help the community become self sufficient and successful. This can be attributed to Young’s Leadership and his awareness of the need to solve the shortage of skilled Labour in order to keep the City alive. Black = point Red=Knowledge Purple = Explanation Green = link to question

Black = point Red= evidence/explanation Purple = analysis – linking to question This answer scored 12/12 Task 1) Can you highlight the P. E. E. L on the paragraphs in this student’s answer? 2) Which of the two paragraphs is better and why? 3) How could you improve the paragraph which is not as good? Cross out any sentences you would replace. Re-write/form sentences that are unclear.

5 B)…AND ONTO THE Tip – two sides to every argument and SPAG all the way Did you know? This question makes 37% of the overall mark for this paper… Overall this question contribut es between 7 -8 %

TO SOME EXTENT… • Yes – argue why (using P. E. E. L. ) • E. g. • ‘In the short term the Battle was a great victory. The Sioux had greater numbers and were determined to make sure that the army sent against them was defeated as they realised that this would possibly be their last chance of hoping onto their way of life which had been steadily eroded. ’ • No – argue why (using P. E. E. L. ) • E. g. • In the longer term the battle marked the beginning of the end for the Indian way of life. The publicity which was spread about the deaths of Custer and his men generated enormous publicity and sympathy amongst White Americans who had previously sympathised with the plight of the Indians. This in turn led the Americans government to take a much harder line against the Indians. Thousands of additional troop reinforcements were sent out and Forts were constructed to provide bases to fight against the Sioux. Therefore the government with the support of the public were committed to removing remaining Indian resistance which finally happened at the Battle of Wounded Knee.

TO SOME EXTENT… • Yes – argue why (using P. E. E. L. ) • E. g. • ‘In the short term the Battle was a great victory. The Sioux had greater numbers and were determined to make sure that the army sent against them was defeated as they realised that this would possibly be their last chance of hoping onto their way of life which had been steadily eroded. ’ • No – argue why (using P. E. E. L. ) • E. g. • In the longer term the battle marked the beginning of the end for the Indian way of life. The publicity which was spread about the deaths of Custer and his men generated enormous publicity and sympathy amongst White Americans who had previously sympathised with the plight of the Indians. This in turn led the Americans government to take a much harder line against the Indians. Thousands of additional troop reinforcements were sent out and Forts were constructed to provide bases to fight against the Sioux. Therefore the Battle could be seen as a defeat in the long term because the government with the support of the public were committed to removing remaining Indian resistance which eventually happened at the Battle of Wounded Knee after which all Indians were confined to government run reservations.

GOOD tip for this question is to remember to use compare/contrast connectives. So, when you’re building up one side to your argument use words from the left column. When developing your counter argument use words from the right column. Use of connectives helps to make your work a little more clear cut and shows that you argue both sides.