REVISION PASSIVE SENTENCES I Active and passive sentences














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REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES I. Active and passive sentences. 1. Active sentences (Câu chủ động) - Câu chủ động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật thực hiện hành động. Eg: My grandfather planted this tree. -> S + V + O 2. Passive sentences (Câu bị động) - Câu bị động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật nhận hoặc chịu tác động của hành động. Eg: This tree was planted by my grandfather. S be + pp O * Form: S + be + V (pp)+ ( by + O)

REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES II. Usage (cách dùng của câu bị động) 1. Khi người thực hiện hành động không quan trọng đối với ý nghĩa người nói muốn diễn tả. Eg: This school was built 10 years ago. 2. Khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh vào người nhận hành động. Eg: The old man was hit by a car. 3. Khi muốn câu nói mang tính khách quan, không thuộc về bất cứ người nào. Eg: It is believed that she has won the prize. 4. Khi người hoặc vật thực hiện hành động đã rõ ràng. Eg: The streets are swept every day. (by street-sweepers)

REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES III. Passive transformation (Cách chuyển sang câu bị động) * Active: S + V + O. * Passive: S + be + V(pp) + (by + O) Step 1: Lấy tân ngữ (O) của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ (S) của câu bị động. Step 2: Đổi động từ chủ động (V) thành động từ bị động: be + V(pp) -> pp = past participle Step 3: Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động thành tác nhân (agent) của câu bị động và trước nó phải có từ by

REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES IV. Tenses of passive sentences. 1. Present simple. - Passive: S + am/is are + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg: People speak English all over the world. => English is spoken all over the world. 2. Present progressive. - Passive: S + am/is/are + being + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg: They are painting the house. => The house is being painted (by them).

REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES IV. Tenses of passive sentences. 3. Present perfect. - Passive: S + have/has + been +V( pp) + (by+O) Eg: He hasn’t worn the jacket for years. => The jacket hasn’t been worn for years. 4. Past simple. - Passive: S + was/were + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg: Somebody cleaned this room yesterday. => This room was cleaned yesterday.

REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES IV. Tenses of passive sentences. 5. Past progressive. - Passive: S + was/were + being + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg: My sister was baking the cakes. => The cakes were being baked by my sister. 6. Future simple. - Passive: S + will + be + V(pp) +(by+O) Eg: They will widen this road. => This road will be widened.

REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES IV. Tenses of passive sentences. 7. Be going to (have to, used to, ought to). - Passive: S + am/is/are going to + be + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg: We are going to give her a gift. => She is going to be given a gift (by us). 8. Modal verbs. - Passive: S + can/should/must + be + V(pp) + (by+O) Eg: The manager must sign the cheque. => The cheque must be signed by the manager.

REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES IV. Tenses of passive sentences. 9. Câu có 2 tân ngữ. Eg 1: Mr Robinson bought Liz a cap. => Liz was bought a cap by Mr Robinson. => A cap was bought for Liz by Mr Robinson. * Verbs: buy, get, make … Eg 2: She gave me an apple. => I was given an apple by her. => An apple was given to me by her. * Verbs: give, bring, award …

REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES Remember: 1. Các chủ ngữ: one, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody không dùng trong câu bị động. Eg: Nobody has invited him to lunch. => He hasn’t been invited to lunch. 2. Dùng with (không dùng by) để chỉ dụng cụ, công cụ hoặc nguyên liệu được sử dụng làm tác nhân. Eg: The room was filled with smoke.

REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES Remember: 3. Vị trí của trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ trong câu bị động - Trạng từ chỉ cách thức thường đứng giữa be và quá khứ phân từ (past participle). Eg: He wrote the book beautifully. => The book was beautifully written. - Trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O Eg: The police found him in the forest. => He was found in the forest by the police. - Trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O Eg: The secretary typed the report this morning. => The report was typed by the secretary this morning.

REVISION: PASSIVE SENTENCES Practice : Change into passive 1. They grow rice twice a year. 2. My mother is making some cakes. 3. I have read this book twice. 4. They built this church in the 19 th century. 5. Lan was writing a letter when the light went out. 6. My brother will buy a new car. 7. I am going to take some photos. 8. We shouldn’t damage trees. 9. Her father awarded her a new bike. 10. Mai cleans the house everyday.


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