World War One 1914 1918 I Why A

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World War One (1914 -1918) I. Why? A. Long-Term Causes A. Germany’s Rise B.

World War One (1914 -1918) I. Why? A. Long-Term Causes A. Germany’s Rise B. Arms/Weapons C. Nationalism B. Spark A. Assassination II. War A. Battle-front A. Technology B. US B. Home-front C. End & Results • • • Key Terms Alliance System Arms Race Francis Ferdinand Allied Powers Central Powers

Themes 1. Causes-long & short-term 2. Results/Impact • Technology • Home-front • Death/Destruction

Themes 1. Causes-long & short-term 2. Results/Impact • Technology • Home-front • Death/Destruction

Europe: 1815 (Goal: Balance of Power)

Europe: 1815 (Goal: Balance of Power)

Europe: 1914

Europe: 1914

Results Of Franco-Prussian War (1870 -1871) 1. Germany became unified as a nation. 2.

Results Of Franco-Prussian War (1870 -1871) 1. Germany became unified as a nation. 2. France had to pay reparations of $5 billion. 3. France had to give territory of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany. Significance: Insured French hatred of Germany.

Alliance System (Formed in attempt to maintain balance of power) • Germany • Great

Alliance System (Formed in attempt to maintain balance of power) • Germany • Great Britain • Austria-Hungary • Italy • Turkey • France • Russia • Serbia

Tangled Web of Alliances

Tangled Web of Alliances

Arms Race (Preparing For War) • British adopt “Two-Power” Standard • Dreadnoughts: – Ships

Arms Race (Preparing For War) • British adopt “Two-Power” Standard • Dreadnoughts: – Ships built strictly for warfare • Large standing armies on eve of war – France: 3. 5 million – Germany: 3. 8 million All able-bodied men ages 20 -50 had military responsibilities

Close-up of Former Yugoslavia • Under control of foreigners for years • Since early

Close-up of Former Yugoslavia • Under control of foreigners for years • Since early 1900 s Austria-Hungary dominated • #1 Goal: Kick all foreigners out!

Spark • Assassinated in Sarajevo; June, 1914 by Serbian terrorists • Austria-Hungary wanted revenge

Spark • Assassinated in Sarajevo; June, 1914 by Serbian terrorists • Austria-Hungary wanted revenge Francis Ferdinand & wife; heir to throne in Austria-Hungary

Alliance System Central Powers Allied Powers • Germany • Great Britain • Austria-Hungary •

Alliance System Central Powers Allied Powers • Germany • Great Britain • Austria-Hungary • France • Italy • Turkey • Russia • Serbia

Battle-front • Germans were initially successful-invaded France by way of neutral Belgium • French

Battle-front • Germans were initially successful-invaded France by way of neutral Belgium • French saved Paris and trench warfare/stalemate ensued.

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare

New Technologies •

New Technologies •

German U-boat (Submarine)

German U-boat (Submarine)

Technology Allied Plane German Plane

Technology Allied Plane German Plane

Technology GB plane dropping torpedo Testing machine-gun synchronization

Technology GB plane dropping torpedo Testing machine-gun synchronization

Machine Gun

Machine Gun

Technology Anti-Aircraft gun

Technology Anti-Aircraft gun

3% of WWI deaths were due to poisonous gas but MANY non-fatal casualties German

3% of WWI deaths were due to poisonous gas but MANY non-fatal casualties German Infantry – improvised face masks 1915

US President • Goal: Wanted US to remain neutral. Woodrow Wilson (1913 -1921)

US President • Goal: Wanted US to remain neutral. Woodrow Wilson (1913 -1921)

Road To War Lusitania (British passenger liner) • Torpedoed in 1915 1, 200 died

Road To War Lusitania (British passenger liner) • Torpedoed in 1915 1, 200 died (128 Americans)

Impact Of War On Home-front 1. Women’s Roles 2. Civilians suffered-Agricultural production dropped-food shortages

Impact Of War On Home-front 1. Women’s Roles 2. Civilians suffered-Agricultural production dropped-food shortages 3. Propaganda was common

Impact of War-Women In most European countries, women made up at least 33% of

Impact of War-Women In most European countries, women made up at least 33% of the workforce in defense plants Women work in defense Krupp Munitions Works

Propaganda GB recruiting poster Line at recruiting office

Propaganda GB recruiting poster Line at recruiting office

Recruiting Posters (US)

Recruiting Posters (US)

German Propaganda German Postcard: “We teach you to run. ”

German Propaganda German Postcard: “We teach you to run. ”

The End • November 11, 1918 a cease-fire agreement was reached and Germany accepted

The End • November 11, 1918 a cease-fire agreement was reached and Germany accepted defeat.

Results • Death – 10 -13, 000 were killed – In Germany & France

Results • Death – 10 -13, 000 were killed – In Germany & France 33% of all men 20 -33 died during WWI – 33% of those killed were civilians • Faith in progress was destroyed

World War One (1914 -1918) I. Why? A. Long-Term Causes A. Germany’s Rise B.

World War One (1914 -1918) I. Why? A. Long-Term Causes A. Germany’s Rise B. Arms/Weapons C. Nationalism B. Spark A. Assassination II. War A. Battle-front A. Technology B. US B. Home-front C. End & Results • • • Key Terms Alliance System Arms Race Francis Ferdinand Allied Powers Central Powers