World War One 1914 1918 I Why A
- Slides: 30
World War One (1914 -1918) I. Why? A. Long-Term Causes A. Germany’s Rise B. Arms/Weapons C. Nationalism B. Spark A. Assassination II. War A. Battle-front A. Technology B. US B. Home-front C. End & Results • • • Key Terms Alliance System Arms Race Francis Ferdinand Allied Powers Central Powers
Themes 1. Causes-long & short-term 2. Results/Impact • Technology • Home-front • Death/Destruction
Europe: 1815 (Goal: Balance of Power)
Europe: 1914
Results Of Franco-Prussian War (1870 -1871) 1. Germany became unified as a nation. 2. France had to pay reparations of $5 billion. 3. France had to give territory of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany. Significance: Insured French hatred of Germany.
Alliance System (Formed in attempt to maintain balance of power) • Germany • Great Britain • Austria-Hungary • Italy • Turkey • France • Russia • Serbia
Tangled Web of Alliances
Arms Race (Preparing For War) • British adopt “Two-Power” Standard • Dreadnoughts: – Ships built strictly for warfare • Large standing armies on eve of war – France: 3. 5 million – Germany: 3. 8 million All able-bodied men ages 20 -50 had military responsibilities
Close-up of Former Yugoslavia • Under control of foreigners for years • Since early 1900 s Austria-Hungary dominated • #1 Goal: Kick all foreigners out!
Spark • Assassinated in Sarajevo; June, 1914 by Serbian terrorists • Austria-Hungary wanted revenge Francis Ferdinand & wife; heir to throne in Austria-Hungary
Alliance System Central Powers Allied Powers • Germany • Great Britain • Austria-Hungary • France • Italy • Turkey • Russia • Serbia
Battle-front • Germans were initially successful-invaded France by way of neutral Belgium • French saved Paris and trench warfare/stalemate ensued.
Trench Warfare
New Technologies •
German U-boat (Submarine)
Technology Allied Plane German Plane
Technology GB plane dropping torpedo Testing machine-gun synchronization
Machine Gun
Technology Anti-Aircraft gun
3% of WWI deaths were due to poisonous gas but MANY non-fatal casualties German Infantry – improvised face masks 1915
US President • Goal: Wanted US to remain neutral. Woodrow Wilson (1913 -1921)
Road To War Lusitania (British passenger liner) • Torpedoed in 1915 1, 200 died (128 Americans)
Impact Of War On Home-front 1. Women’s Roles 2. Civilians suffered-Agricultural production dropped-food shortages 3. Propaganda was common
Impact of War-Women In most European countries, women made up at least 33% of the workforce in defense plants Women work in defense Krupp Munitions Works
Propaganda GB recruiting poster Line at recruiting office
Recruiting Posters (US)
German Propaganda German Postcard: “We teach you to run. ”
The End • November 11, 1918 a cease-fire agreement was reached and Germany accepted defeat.
Results • Death – 10 -13, 000 were killed – In Germany & France 33% of all men 20 -33 died during WWI – 33% of those killed were civilians • Faith in progress was destroyed
World War One (1914 -1918) I. Why? A. Long-Term Causes A. Germany’s Rise B. Arms/Weapons C. Nationalism B. Spark A. Assassination II. War A. Battle-front A. Technology B. US B. Home-front C. End & Results • • • Key Terms Alliance System Arms Race Francis Ferdinand Allied Powers Central Powers
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