Welcome to Ancient Rome Punic Wars Carthage vs

Welcome to Ancient Rome

Punic Wars • Carthage vs. Rome • War starts in 264 BC • 1 st Punic War • Fought for control of Sicily • Lasted 23 years (264 -241 BC) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=dxb. Wtz. COxv 8 • Carthage is defeated

Punic Wars • 2 nd Punic War • Leads army of 50, 000 infantrymen, 9, 000 cavalry and 60 elephants • Moved through Spain, France (Gaul) and the Alps to attack Rome

Punic Wars • 3 rd Punic War • Hannibal no longer a threat • 149 BCRomans invade Carthage • 146 BCCarthage defeated

The Fall of the Roman Republic • Big gap between the rich and poor • Slaves make up 1/3 of the Roman population

Republic Collapses • Gracchus Brothers • Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar • Created jobs • Gave citizenship • Expanded the Senate • New calendar

Death of Julius Caesar • March 15, 44 BC, the “Ides of March” • A group of Senators, led by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius stab Caesar to death in the Senate chamber • Et tu, Brute? • His death ends the Roman Republic Ides of March Video

Power Struggle after Caesar • Civil War breaks out Dies • Caesar supporters vs. his murderers • Octavian- Caesar’s adopted sonforms Second Triumvirate in 43 BC • Fighting ends the Second Triumvirate • Accepted the title of Augustus • Means “Exalted One”

A Vast and Powerful Empire • 90% of people engaged in farming • Trade around the Mediterranean Sea and with China and India • Silk roads from China • Pax Romana

Life in Rome • Education • Only for upper-class boys • Until age 16 • Girls married off at age 12 -15 • Poor children had to work

Life in Rome • Slaves • Had no legal rights • Strong, healthy males sometimes forced to become Gladiators • More than 1 million slaves lost their lives trying to gain freedom

Life in Rome • Religion • Adoption of Greek deities • Became symbols of the government • Worship of the emperor- part of the official religion of Rome

Life in Rome • Celebrations • Way of controlling the poor • Government gave out daily rations of grain • 150 holidays a year • Used to distract and control the masses

Life in Rome • The Roman Colosseum • Held 50, 000 people • Built between 70 -80 AD • Rich and poor gathered to watch the Gladiators fight • Gladiators often fought to the death with each other and with wild animals

The Decline of the Roman Empire • Trade is disrupted • Wars are costly • Waste of money on luxury goods • Government raises taxes • Inflation- drop in value of money and rise in prices

The Decline of the Roman Empire • Soil overworked= no longer fertile • Food shortage • Disease spreads • Population decline

The Decline of the Roman Empire • Loyalty to the empire decreases • Germanic tribes invade northern territories • Barbarians- Non-Romans • Army loyalty collapses • Mercenaries- foreign soldiers who fight for money • Only the army was active in politics • No longer an honor

The Empire Splits • Diocletian • 284 - becomes emperor and restores order • Doubles the size of the army • Uses mercenaries and prisoners of war • Persecutes Christians

The Empire Splits • Divides the Empire • East- Greek speaking (Greece, Anatolia, Syria and Egypt) • West- Latin speaking (Italy, Gaul, Britannia, Spain) • Diocletian controls the East • General Maximian controls the West • Diocletian retires in 305, civil war breaks out

The Empire Splits • 312 - Constantine takes control of the Eastern Empire • 324 - takes control of the West • 330 - Moves capital to Byzantium, Anatolia • City renamed Constantinople • Bosporus Strait

Collapse of the Empire • Attila the Hun • United the Huns in 444 • Had 100, 000 soldiers • Attacked both East and West Roman Empires • Disease and famine deplete is forces • Pope Leo I negotiated the Hun withdrawal from Rome

Collapse of the Empire • Military • Political • Economic • Social

Greco-Roman Civilization • Stoicism- very influential • Virgil- wrote “Aeneid, ” most famous piece of Latin literature • Styled after Homer

Greco-Roman Civilization • Art • “Bas-relief” or “low-relief” • Images projected from a flat background

Greco-Roman Civilization • “Mosaics”- pictures or designs made by setting small pieces of stone, glass or tile into a surface

Thank You Rome • Architecture • Arches, domes, aqueducts, columns • Thomas Jefferson- 1700’s • Roman revival in the US • US Capital, state capitals, buildings • Roads made of concrete, stone, sand

Thank You Rome • Language • Latin developed into Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, Romanian • “Romantic Languages” • Common Roman heritage • Half of the words in English have a basis in Latin

Thank You Rome • Laws should be fair and apply equally to everyone • Principles of Roman Law: • All people had the right to equal treatment under the law • A person was considered innocent until proven guilty • The burden of proof rested with the accuser rather than the accused • A person should be punished only for actions, not thoughts • Any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside • Became the basis for legal systems in European countries and the United States