Vocab Roman LeadersReformers Julius Caesar After the Punic

Vocab Roman Leaders/Reformers Julius Caesar After the Punic Wars… Primary or Secondary Source? 1 pt 1 pt 2 pt 1 pt 3 pt 1 pt 4 pt 1 pt 5 pt 4 pt 1 pt

Large estates owned by patricians

latifundias

tax collectors

publicans

absolute ruler

dictator

In your own words, define: -primary source and -secondary source

(varies)

What is a triumvirate? Name three other words that contain the prefix ‘tri’ meaning three

three rulers with equal power; (varies)

Dictator who stated that army commanders had to rotate after 1 year

(Lucius Cornelius) Sulla

Name the members of the first triumvirate (last names)

-Crassus -Pompey -Caesar

Reformer who was murdered by the Senate; he thought public land should be divided and given to the poor

Tiberius Gracchus

General Marius enticed the poor to join the army by offering:

-pay -land -pension -booty

Explain what happened to each member of the triumvirate

-Crassus: killed after battle -Pompey: killed by Egyptians; head delivered to Caesar -Caesar ruled Rome; became dictator

The Ides of March is what date? What does ‘ides’ mean in Latin?

March 15 “to divide”

Name four of Caesar’s accomplishments

Founded colonies overseas (gave this land to ex-soldiers that had none) Built roads, buildings, and drained marshes (gave jobs to poor). New calendar Cut back activities of publicans (tax collectors) Conquered new land (France and Belgium) Free gladiatorial games Doubled senate Gave Roman citizenship to Greeks, Spaniards, & Gauls Built a large, strong, loyal army

Before crossing the Rubicon River, he said, “the die is cast”. What did he mean?

(varies; there is no turning back, it is in fate’s hands)

Give an example from class (primary sources, documentary, etc. ) that illustrates how highly he thought of himself

(varies – the way he treated the pirates that held him hostage, etc)

List three adjectives to describe Caesar with evidence to support each

(varies)

Why was getting a job so difficult during this time?

slaves were used because they worked for free

What was the one definite way poor people could get money?

by selling their votes to politicians

Describe what happened with the tax collectors

• paid $ for contract • could collect taxes from certain territories • supposed to collect no more than 10%, but abused the system • took extra $ from people and pocketed it for themselves

Describe three conditions the ex-farmers dealt with in the apartments in Rome

• no sewers • crowded/small • unsafe→ collapsed frequently • fires • diseases

Explain how the decline of the Roman Republic impacted merchants and artisans

Patricians bought luxury items elsewhere; merchants and artisans lost business; they dropped to the lower class (from the middle class) and became poor