Tuesday April 19 Materials needed today Laptop Science

Tuesday, April 19 Materials needed today: • Laptop • Science notebook • Textbook (match seat #) • 2 handouts on cart • Scissors & glue

COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH

MINERALS OF EARTH’S CRUST Chapter 5 Sections 1 -2

Objectives Section 1: What is a Mineral? 1. Define mineral. 2. Compare the two main groups of minerals. Section 2: Identifying Minerals 3. Describe seven physical properties that help distinguish one mineral from another. Self-Evaluation Rubric 1. I can’t do any of this by myself. 2. I can do a little bit with a lot of help. 3. I can do most of this without any help. 4. I can do all of this without any help.

Characteristics of Minerals • Mineral - a natural, inorganic solid that has: characteristic chemical composition 2. an orderly internal structure 3. a characteristic set of physical properties 1.

Characteristics of Minerals • To be a mineral, a substance must have four main characteristics: 1. It must be inorganic – it cannot be made of or by living things. 2. It must occur naturally – it cannot be man-made. 3. It must be a crystalline solid – it has a predictable structure. 4. It must have a consistent chemical composition – it is the same throughout.

Check • What four characteristics of a substance makes it a mineral? It must be inorganic. 2. It must occur naturally. 3. It must be a crystalline solid. 4. It must have a consistent chemical composition. 1.

Kinds of Minerals • Rock-forming minerals – the 20 most common minerals that form the rocks that make up Earth’s crust. • Ten minerals are so common that they make up 90% of Earth’s crust. • All minerals can be classified into two main groups - silicate minerals and nonsilicate minerals - based on their chemical compositions.

Kinds of Minerals Silicate Minerals • Silicate mineral - a mineral that contains a combination of silicon and oxygen. • May also contain one or more metals. • Common silicate minerals include quartz, feldspars, and ferromagnesian minerals, such as amphiboles, pyroxenes, and olivines. • Silicate minerals make up 96% of Earth’s crust. • Quartz and feldspars alone make up more than 50% of the crust.

Kinds of Minerals Nonsilicate Minerals • Nonsilicate mineral - a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen. • Nonsilicate minerals are organized into six major groups based on their chemical compositions: carbonates, halides, native elements, oxides, sulfates, and sulfides. • Nonsilicate minerals make up about 4% of Earth’s crust.

Check • What is the difference between silicate and nonsilicate minerals? • Silicate minerals contain • Nonsilicate minerals do not silicon and oxygen. contain silicon and oxygen.

Physical Properties of Minerals • Mineralogist - a person who examines, analyzes, and classifies minerals. • Each mineral has specific properties that result from its chemical composition and crystalline structure. • These properties provide useful clues for identifying minerals. • Many of these properties can be identified by simply looking at a sample of the mineral or through simple tests.

Physical Properties of Minerals Foldable • Follow the instructions to create the foldable.

Physical Properties of Minerals Color • A mineral’s color is easy to observe, but color alone is not a reliable clue for identifying a mineral sample because it can change. • The color of a mineral sample can be affected by the inclusion of impurities or by weathering processes.

Physical Properties of Minerals Foldable • Use pages 117 -120 to fill in the foldable. 1. Describe each property. 2. Summarize the main ideas that go with each property. 3. Add the following words to your index: • color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, fracture, density, crystal shape