TRANSLATION 104 KINDS OF TRANSLATION Rakhi L Lalwani

TRANSLATION 104 KINDS OF TRANSLATION Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor of English, SNMV CAS

ROMAN JAKOBSON • Essay – “ On Linguistic Aspects of Translation. ” – Intralingual Translation – Translation within a language – involves substitution of words. – Interlingual Translation – Translation proper – From one language to another – Reinterpretation into a foreign code. – Intersemiotic Translation – From one linguistic system to another – transfer of meaning from one system to another (verbal to non-verbal. ) Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor of English, SNMV CAS

ROMAN JAKOBSON • Not easy to achieve equivalence – complex codes. • Usage of a combination of codes. • Added issue of cultural differences. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor of English, SNMV CAS

JOHN DRYDEN • Metaphrase – word for word, interlinear translation – translation not for meaning but for comprehension. • Paraphrase – sense for sense translation – words not important – meaning plays a more vital role. • Imitation – Varies from word to word and sense to sense – using hints from the original to use in another version. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor of English, SNMV CAS

JOHN DRYDEN • Must give the reader the illusion of reading an original text. • Cultural concepts must be modified to suit the TL culture. • Writer of SL text only provides the pattern. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor of English, SNMV CAS

CATFORD • Based on Extent: – Full Translation – entire text is reproduced in TL. – Partial Translation – Part of the text is translated into TL. • Based on Level – Total Translation – The TL replaces the SL at all levels. – Restricted Translation – TL replaces the SL at one level – phonological, graphological, syntactic, lexical, linguistic. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor of English, SNMV CAS

CATFORD • Based on Rank: – Rank-bound Translation - Selection of equivalent words, morphemes of a similar rank. – Unbounded Translation – No restrictions on the rank scale Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor of English, SNMV CAS

LITERAL TRANSLATION • • Direct, Word-for-word translation. Verbum-pro-verbo Technical translation. Does not convey style, beauty or poetry of ST. • Does not involve translation of idioms or figures. • Early machine translation – no focus on grammar. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor of English, SNMV CAS

THANK YOU Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor of English, SNMV CAS