TransEurasian Transport of Ozone and its Precursors Oliver

Trans-Eurasian Transport of Ozone and its Precursors Oliver Wild, Pakpong Pochanart and Hajime Akimoto Frontier Research Center for Global Change Yokohama, Japan Second ICAP Workshop, Oct 21, 2004, Chapel Hill, NC

Trans-Eurasian Transport Motivation • Trans-Pacific and Trans-Atlantic transport well studied – PEM-West, TRACE-P, ACE-Asia, NARE, ITCT • Trans-Eurasian transport less well understood due to location, landmass and meteorology • Unique features – meteorological mechanisms for export – chemical influences due to latitude and meteorology – emissions and deposition over continent Questions • How does pollutant export differ from that from N. America or East Asia? What are the impacts on oxidation and climate? • To what extent does European pollution affect central and eastern Asia? How does this compare with N. American influence? Key Foci: Air Quality, Oxidizing Capacity, Climate

Continental Outflow in Spring N. American O 3 European O 3 4 ppbv isosurface of O 3 in April

Ozone Over Japan Ohara and Sakata 2003: Data from 341 monitoring stations Background O 3 over Japan is rising • Rising NOx/CO/NMHC emissions over Asian mainland • What are the impacts from further afield?

FRSGC/UCI Global CTM • Tropospheric gas-phase chemistry • Linearized stratospheric chemistry for O 3 • Emissions for 1990 from EDGAR v 2. 0 • Driven by 2 sets of meteorology: Meteorology GISS II’ GCM ECMWF-IFS 1996 Resolution 4º x 5º x 9 levels 3 hrs 5. 6º x 19 levels 3 hrs

O 3 and CO over Eurasia Mace Head Zugspitze Mondy Happo

Trajectories Arriving at 100°E viz. Newell and Evans [2000]

Trajectories Arriving at 100°E viz. Newell and Evans [2000]

Export of Oxidants from Europe

European Impacts at 100°E CO: greatest in high-latitude PBL in wintertime O 3: greatest in low/mid-trop in spring close to zero in winter PBL

Impacts at Mondy (52ºN, 101ºE) CO CO O 3

Impacts on CO and O 3 over Japan

Impacts on CO over Japan in April 1996 • Patterns of European and N. American influence very similar • Transport pathways are similar • European influence about 25% greater

Impacts on CO over Japan in April 1996 10 -8 kg/m 2/s

Impacts on O 3 over Japan in April 1996 • Patterns of European and N. American influence appear quite different • Transport pathways are similar, but timing of events is different • European influence on O 3 is smaller than that from N. America

Impacts on O 3 over Japan in April 1996 10 -9 kg/m 2/s

Impacts on O 3 over Japan in April 1996

Impacts on O 3 over Japan in April 1996

Surface O 3 at Happo 60 ppbv Japan 1 hr std European/N. American impacts persist during local pollution episodes (Apr 23 -27): affect attainment of air quality standards

Annual Mean Lifetimes of CO and O 3 CO O 3 Production Efficiency European 82 days 18 days 6. 7 N. American 61 days 19 days 6. 7 East Asian 62 days 21 days 10. 5 South Asian 56 days 25 days 19. 2 Tropospheric Mean 55 days 30

Annual Global Mean Profiles • Different impacts on OH and hence on CH 4 • Expect different climate responses

Annual Mean Chemical Tendencies

Conclusions Impacts on Central Asia • High-latitude flow round Siberian High and Tibet • European impacts average 10 -30 ppbv CO, 1 -4 ppbv O 3 • European influence on O 3 suppressed in winter Impacts on Japan • Significant background enhancements in O 3 and CO • Modest surface O 3 impacts, but will affect Air Quality Stds • N. American influence larger than European in mid-trop Global Impacts • European emissions may lead to net decrease in OH • Significantly different indirect climate effects expected

Measurement Sites over Eurasia Mondy Vostochnaya Waliguan Taishan Huangshan Long-Term Measurements over Asia • Regionally polluted sites over China now operational • Transport from Europe occurs at high latitudes • More sites needed over Central and Northern Asia Happo