The Renaissance context Harrowing of Hell 1 000

The Renaissance context

Harrowing of Hell

1, 000 A. D. Apocalypse not!

Mosque at Cordoba, Spain

Greeks versus Christians The Greeks Naturalism Reason Science Self-confidence Achievement The Christians Supernaturalism Faith Dogma Helplessness Renunciation

Thomas Aquinas (1225 -74)

Bourges Cathedral

Perspective

David Michelangelo

Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 -1564)

Pope Innocent III (11601216) on the human body: “Impure begetting, disgusting means of nutrition in his mother's womb, baseness of matter out of which man evolves, hideous stink, secretion of saliva, urine, and filth. ”

Lorenzo d’Medici

Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 -1527)

Raphael, The School of Athens

Christopher Columbus 1451 -1506

Martin Luther on Aristotle: “Aristotle is truly a devil, a horrid calumniator, a wicked sycophant, a prince of darkness, a beast, a most horrid imposter on mankind, one in whom there is scarcely any philosophy, a public and professed liar, a goat, and his followers are locusts, caterpillars, frogs, and lice. ”

Leonardo da Vinci, Vitruvian Man (c. 1492)

Andreas Vesalius (1514 -1564)

Vesalius, base of the brain

Vesalius, Fabrica (1543)

William Harvey (1578 -1657) Circulation of the blood announced 1616.

Ptolemy’s model of the universe

Nicolas Copernicus d. 1543

Heliocentric

Retrograde motion explained!

Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium celestium (1543)

Giordano Bruno d. 1600

Tycho Brahe

Johannes Kepler

Galileo Galilei (1564 -1642)

Galileo script

Scholastic methodology and astronomy: "There are seven windows given to animals in the domicile of the head. … From this and many other similarities in nature, such as the seven metals, etc. , which were tedious to enumerate, we gather that the number of planets is necessarily seven. Moreover these [alleged satellites of Jupiter] are invisible to the naked eye, and therefore can exercise no influence on the earth, and therefore would be useless, and therefore do not exist. Besides, [from the earliest times, men] have adopted the division of the week into seven days, and have names them after the seven planets. Now, if we increase the number of the planets, this whole and beautiful system falls to the ground. "

Pope Urban VIII (became Pope in 1623) Galileo when older

Catholic Church, Codex of 1616 "Propositions to be forbidden: “that the sun is immovable at the center of the heaven; that the earth is not at the center of the heaven, and is not immovable; but moves by a double motion. "

Religion in Europe, 1600

Artist’s rendition of Galileo on trial

Galileo Galilei died 1642, Italy Isaac Newton born 1642, England

Gutenberg Bible

Gutenberg