THE MAMMALIAN IMMUNE SYSTEM UNDER CONSTRUCTION Patricia Jordan

THE MAMMALIAN IMMUNE SYSTEM UNDER CONSTRUCTION Patricia Jordan DVM Doctors’ Rounds

Sheena na gig • Stone goddess, naked woman with her legs apart is carved above one of the windows of the refectory of the nunnery. Common in Ireland these symbols ward off evil. The name comes from the Gaelic, Side nan Goch , Sheila of the Breasts

Use of the breasts to ward off evil

HISTORY OF IMMUNE SYSTEM RESEARCH • • Russian zoologist Elias Metchnikoff (1845 -1916) Discovered phagocytosis in 1882 – Defensive Forces Of The Organism © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 4

DEFENSE MECHANISMS Arms of the defense mechanisms • Cellular (Th 1) • Humoral (Th 2) Defense strategies • Non-adaptive • Adaptive, antigen-specific © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 5

PRIMAL IMMUNE DEFENSE SYSTEM • A healthy body has bias toward: - Cell mediated (Th 1) in conjunction with … - Mucosal immune system including antiseptic and Payer’s Patches located throughout the gut • Not inflammatory and much of the same bias mammals are born with • Th 2 imparts a chronically inflamed milieu of chronic disease bias – not healthy © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 6

THE BEGINNING OF VACCINATION • Vaccinations for smallpox started in 1796 • Two centuries later, we now understand molecular and genetic impact of the immune system • Over 200 years of genetic, molecular level mishaps © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 7

ORTHOBIOSIS Elias Metchnikoff had it right in 1911: • Orthobiosis (correct life ) was necessary for health • Correct foods - Cultivate the right beneficial microbes in our gut - Create vitality • Learn to be happy as well © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 8

THE PARENTS’ ROLE • The making of offspring starts with breed-worthy healthy parents • The mom is everything to the offspring • Pregnancy is where antibodies are made - Any pathogens in the environment that mom has been exposed to © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 9

IMPORTANCE OF VAGINAL BIRTH • Vagina of the mom has microbiomes - Healthy vagina is full of probiotics - Same Lactobacillus as healthy soil microbes - Starting at birth, seeding our bodies as we enter the outside world © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 10

ORAL MICROFLORA • • • Mom’s oral microflora are fast at work Breaking down of the placental tissues in mammal’s birth Second flora of importance – Adds to the seeding of the cutaneous or skin surface of the neonatal mammals. © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 11

COLOSTRUM • • In dogs 90% of antibodies come through colostrum Neonates are born with leaky guts to absorb some of the large molecules in the first 3 days of life, for example: – Ig G is a large, important immunoglobulin – Gains entrance to the bloodstream via the leaky gut to the neonate • • Colostrum is next big provider of even more probiotics Colostrum is a perfect food and comes from the “mammae” – Mammae produce perfect raw food – proteins, sugars, carbohydrates, fats © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 12

COLOSTRUM (continued) What else is in colostrum and first milk? • Milk contains mucins • Lactoferrin protein • High in protein and low in sugar • High in immunoglobulin A • Antibody protects neonate from viruses and bacteria • Colostrum from same species © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 13

AMAZING MAMMAE The breast is an amazing organ: • Backwash spit from the nursing neonates can alert the breast to encountered pathogens that are not presently in her repertoire • The mammae can whip up antibody to those new pathogens, specifically for the offspring – even if her own body had not encountered the intruder © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 14

MORE ON COLOSTRUM • • • Colostrum is yellow, looks like sticky serum Strongly antiviral, especially against enveloped diseases like distemper and rabies Interferon in colostrum is a strong antiviral defense Parvovirus antibodies from mom to neonate last a very long time – even 16 weeks Ig. G, Ig. A, Ig. M, Ig. D, Ig. E all are found in breast milk Secretory Ig. A shields antibody from degradation by gastric juices – Ward off pathogens in non-inflammatory way © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 15

PROBIOTICS • • • Probiotics crowd out the un-useful bacteria and pathogens that can cause disease Probiotics have many jobs – Assimilation of vitamins like essential B 12 – Help maintain tight junctions in the gut – Reduce lipopolysaccharides (LPS) – Boost activity of immune cells, fight off cancer cells – Gut-brain axis benefits mental and psychological health Microbes dictate immune response. Vaccines can’t even work with an unbalanced microbiome. © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 16

MOTHER’S MILK Mother’s diet influences the milk • If mother is malnourished, immune system of offspring will reflect those deficiencies • Vitamin D 3 is essential in fighting bacterial infections • Vitamins C, A, E are important to fight viruses • Carnivore mother needs saturated fats, omega-3 and vitamin A • Fibronectin makes certain phagocytes more effective – eliminate microbes while minimizing inflammation © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 17

MOTHER’S MILK Milk (“white blood”) is full of defensive molecules and immune cells, white blood cells, leukocytes that fight infection and activate other defense mechanisms • Neutrophils – a type of phagocyte in the bloodstream – found in colostrum • Macrophages (“Pac Man cells”) – a phagocyte that’s 40% of leukocytes in colostrum • Lymphocytes – 10% of white blood cell population – 20% are B lymphocytes that give rise to antibodies – The rest are T lymphocytes that kill infected cells or mobilize other parts of the immune system – Milk lymphocytes behave differently from blood lymphocytes © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 18

MOTHER’S MILK • • • Induces newborn’s immune system to mature more quickly, making higher levels of antibody After immune defense factors cross to the bloodstream, the neonatal leaky gut closes up – Closed by hormones like cortisol and smaller proteins like epidermal growth factor, nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factors and somatomedin C Leaky gut then becomes impermeable to unwanted pathogens Colostrum has high concentration of epidermal growth factor Breast-fed neonates have much higher secretory Ig. A, lactoferrin and lysozyme Breast feeding induces local immunity in urinary tract © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 19

OTHER BENEFITS OF NURSING Skin to skin contact: • Has psychological benefits • Helps develop respiration and heart rates • Without emotional component, abnormal stress symptoms can develop • In humans, synapses in the brain and brain development are dependent on the nursing connection and skin to skin contact • Breast milk provides protection against: – Respiratory illness, ear infections, GI disease, allergies, IBD, diabetes and leukemia © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 20

FETAL, NEONATAL, POST NATAL • In the absence of inhibiting maternally derived antimony (MDA), puppies and kittens can mount protective immune response at an early age – Fetal dogs and cats react to antigen … but at birth dogs become immunologically mature – Neonatal dogs possess functional humoral immune system – Documentation shows neonatal dogs possess functional B cell and T Cell system at birth – Half-life of MDA in colostrum lasts 8. 4 days – Neonate can have as much Ig. G as adult dogs within first 24 hours – As maternal Ig. G decreases all 3 immunoglobulins increase; by 8 -12 weeks newborns will have normal adult levels of Ig. M – Ig. G is established by 6 -9 months – Synthesis of Ig. A lags – adult levels of Ig. A come around 1 year © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM • Reference: Jacoby RO, Dennis RA, Grusemer RA, Development of immunity in fetal dogs; humoral response Am J Vet Res 1969: 30; 1503 -10 21

THYMUS • Rapid enlargement post natal – by 6 months • Educates the immune cells, T cell lymphocytes how to do their jobs • Studies show multi-antigenic vaccines lead to thymic depletion in puppies • Necropsies on puppies who died after distemper/parvo vaccines found “disappearing thymus” – thymic depletion • At birth, neonates have functionally mature Peyer’s patches. T cells are functionally competent © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 22

NOMOGRAPHS • • • Graph based on antibody level transferred via colostrum Can be used to determine MDA and when it’s waning University of Wisconsin will do tests (Dr. Ronald Schultz recommends using nomographs to customize and minimize vaccinations Helps breeder see where pups’ level of MDA is falling off But remember, neonates are born competent! – Neonatal or postnatal immune system still under construction, but they are already immune competent © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 23

VACCINES • • • Immunosuppressive, especially in multivalent situations Inflammatory. Breast milk works to decrease inflammation to delicate neonate and postnatal tissues Adjuvants – very inflammatory and some have LPS genetically engineered bacterial endotoxins to stimulate inflammation – Thimerasol is a mutagen, mercury is a heavy metal – Aluminum is a light metal – Both are neurotoxins … neuro-inflammation is brain damage • Immune dys-regulating, elevating inflammatory Th 2 humoral bias instead of healthy Th 1 cell immunity bias © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 24

VACCINES (continued) • • • Contain contaminating viruses (eg retrovirus in the canine combo vaccine Contain cancer causing viruses, virions (Herpes virus) Contain xenotropic viruses Cause vitamin C depletion, thus a handicap for viral infection Contain mercury, a handicap for retroviral expression In the face of malnutrition can often cause disease, even the disease the vaccinations are supposed to be preventing Cause autoimmune disease If they contain aluminum can lead to allergies, asthma, atopy, anaphylaxis and eczema Vaccines can kill Vaccines can cause cancer © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 25

VACCINES (continued) Microbes not vaccines dictate immune response • Vaccines can’t work in an unbalanced microbiome • If the flora is balanced, the immune system doesn’t need vaccines • Antibiotics and vaccines damage the immune system (brought MRSA) • Stopping breastfeeding brought meningitis • Rotavirus vaccine brought norovirus • Chicken pox vaccine brought a more lethal shingles to the elderly • Shingles vaccine brings shingles to over 50% of those vaccinated © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 26

VACCINES (continued) • Do not make public places safer (same for dogs!) – Dr Tatayana Obukhanyuk • • Cause vaccinates to shed disease and in effect promote disease Lab manipulated viruses and bacteria in vaccines are not “natural” New research shows no antibodies are required for immunity against some viruses Fake antibody (and fake immune assault) may be unable to prevent disease and actually promote the disease © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 27

Breast milk cannabinoids probiotics

WHAT’S BEST? • • • Clean, optimal nutrition Fresh air Clean water Exercise Life under the sun A good dose of unconditional love – Starting with mom and baby – The release of feel-good hormones like oxytocin Elias Metchnikoff was right back in 1911! Bulgarian yogurt and the right microbiome and learning to be happy go a long way! Vaccines, not so much! © 2017 Dogs Naturally Magazine – Patricia Jordan DVM 29