The long path of the English Language IndoEuropean

The long path of the English Language

Indo-European and Germanic influences Indo-European family: -Latin and The Modern Romance languages; -The Germanic languages; -The Celtic languages; -… Father-vater; pitr

English belongs to the Germanic group of languages • Sub-groups of Germanic: • -East Germanic; • -North Germanic; • -West Germanic.

Old English

Main Invasions (500 -1100 AD) • The Angles, Saxons and Jutes (5 th and 6 th centuries AD) • The Vikings (around 850) • The Norman Conquest (around 1100)

Influences on the Language • The invaders pushed out the original Celtic-speakers to Scotland, Wales, Cornwall and Ireland. • Celtic languages survive today in the Gaelic languages of Scotland Ireland in Welsh, though Cornish is now a dead language. • Only about one sixth of the Old English words have survived to this day. • About half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots (for example: be, water, strong).

The Norman conquest and Middle English

The Norman conquest and Middle English v Invasion of England in 1066 AD by the Normandy’s Duke. v Growing influence of Latin. v Some French and Germanic influences in Middle English. v The mixture of Anglo-Norman and Old English formed Middle English. v Around 1500 AD, the Modern English rose.

EARLY MODERN ENGLISH (1500 -1700) Sónia, Inês Oliveira, Sofia, Marco, Maria Eduarda and Marisa, 12º 1

a n e R e c n issa

e c n e u l f n i s ' e r a e p s e k a h S

Ma s r o t c a f r jo

Late Modern English (1800 -up to the present)

Late Modern English (1800 -up to the present) • Main difference: vocabulary; • Historical factors: Industrial and scientific Revolution: Created a need for neologisms Latin + Greek + English roots Most visible in the fields of eletronics and computers.

Rise of the Bristish Empire: Introduced English to the world Virtually every languages has contributed to its development Two world wars: big military influence on the languages

Late-Modern English

American English

American English • Creation: • Year 1600 AD ; • Settlement of English colonies in North America. • “Americanisms” are British words that colonies continued to use unlike Britain. • Examples: – Fall-Autumn ; – Trash-Rubbish; – Loan-Lend

• American English introduced: • Native American words (Mississippi; Roanoke; Iowa; Racoon; Tomato; Canoe; Savanna; Hickory) • Indian sounding words (Idaho)

The influence of… Spanish, French and African languages • • • Louisiana; Goober; Gumbo; Mustang; Vigilante.