The Later Middle Ages Europe Rule Religion and

The Later Middle Ages Europe: Rule, Religion, and Conflict

Popes and Kings The Big Idea 7. 6. 4 Popes and kings dominated European society in the Middle Ages.

Popes and Kings n In the early Middle Ages, nobles and knights held power. n However, as time passed, power shifted to popes and kings.

The Power of the Popes n Main Idea 1: n Popes and kings ruled Europe as spiritual and political leaders

The Power of the Popes n The pope was the head of the Christian church in western Europe. n The pope had great power because so many people belonged to the church. n People saw the pope as God’s representative on Earth The Vatican in Rome, home to the Pope.

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St. Peters Basilica

It is the home to the Sistine Chapel and many famous pieces of artwork.

The Power of the Popes n Popes had great political and spiritual power. n The pope could cast from the church, or excommunicate, his enemies.

1. The Pope ruled from Rome, which is located in _____. A. Northern Asia B. Eastern Europe C. Western Europe D. the Middle East West East

2. The Pope is considered the representative for ___. A. Kings in Europe B. the east C. the Holy Roman Emperor D. God

3. Who had the most power during the Later Middle Ages? A. Kings and Nobles B. Nobles and Knights C. Mrs. Valenti D. Popes and Kings

The Power of the Kings n Europe had been divided into many small states. n In three countries, England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire, kings were the rulers.

The Power of the Kings n The leader of the Roman Empire was approved by the pope, so the region was also known as the Holy Roman Empire. Charlemagne was an emperor for the Holy Roman Empire

The Power of the Kings n Kings inherited their titles from their fathers. n Kings kept order through alliances and warfare.

Popes n Although the people of western Europe considered the pope the head of the church, eastern European people disagreed.

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4. Excommunication means that … A. you have had a fight with the pope. B. you have been cast out from the church. C. a king in the Holy Roman Empire has been D. chosen by a pope. D. king’s could not appoint a bishop.

5. Which statement is not true about kings? A. The King of the Holy Roman Empire was approved by the Pope. B. Kings had less power than nobles in the later middle ages. C. England, France, & The Holy Roman Empire D. had kings for rulers. D. Most Kings inherited the throne from their E. fathers.

Popes n Main Idea 2: n Some popes fought for power, leading to a permanent split within the church.

Pope Leo n Pope Leo IX believed that all Christians should answer to the pope, and that the pope should be the leader of the whole Christian church. n The bishop of Constantinople disagreed with Pope Leo and wouldn’t recognize his authority § …so Pope Leo excommunicated him. Respect my authority. Pope Leo IX The bishop of Constantinople, Michael I Cerularius

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Pope Leo n This decision created a permanent split in the church. The Eastern Orthodox Church was formed by Christians who agreed with the bishop and not the pope. n The rest of the church became known as the Roman Catholic Church. The pope became one of the most powerful figures in western Europe. n

A Split in the Christian Church Christianity Followers of Jesus Roman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Most of Europe Some followers in the Byzantine Empire area

Power Struggle n Main Idea 3 n As popes continued to try to increase their power, they came into conflict with kings.

Power Struggle n Pope Gregory VII came to power in Rome. n The pope disapproved of a bishop chosen by the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV a bishop Pope Gregory VII

Power Struggle n Henry became angry and tried to have the pope removed n however, the pope excommunicated Henry IV. Oh, For good, DOH! Oh that’s Then yeah, Youyou. you’re want lots of Oh, No, Trouble Then Iyoure want were trouble gonna it is. that’s good, cuz I gonna trouble? trouble. get You’re trouble. agreed. getalright. trouble. There’ll want trouble. gonna get trouble. be trouble. Pope Gregory Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV

Power Struggle n Henry had to beg the pope forgiveness to get back into the church. n This incident made the pope more powerful than the emperor at that time. Victory is mine!

6. Many Eastern Europeans did not consider the Pope the head of the Christian Church? A. True B. False

7. What was the result of Pope Leo’s excommunication of a Constantinople bishop? A. Pope Leo removed the king of the Holy Roman Empire. B. Roman Catholics fought a war against C. the Eastern Orthodox Church. C. Leo was removed as the Pope. D. A split was caused in the E. Christian Church.

8. Pope Gregory's excommunication of King Henry … A. caused a split in the church. B. highlighted the power of the Holy Roman C. Emperor over the Church. C. showed how weak the Catholic church had D. become. D. highlighted the power of the pope in the Middle E. Ages.

9. Popes did not get into disputes with the Kings of the Holy Roman Empire, only the Kings of other countries. A. True B. False - King Henry was the King of the Holy Roman Empire