The Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms Manu Maudgal IndoGerman Energy

The Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms Manu Maudgal Indo-German Energy Programme Bureau of Energy Efficiency

Overview q Outline--Kyoto Protocol q Kyoto Flexible Mechanisms q CDM & HFC projects

Kyoto Protocol -Outline • Adopted in Dec, 1997; provides architecture for international efforts on climate change. • Based on "common but differentiated responsibilities. “ • Annex I Countries: – Reduce GHG emissions below 1990 level by 5. 2% in 2008 -2012 • Annex II Countries (Sub-group of Annex-I) – support financial & technology to Non-Annex I countries • Non-Annex I Countries: – to meet sustainable development goals – No GHG commitment • Covers Six GHGs : CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, SF 6, PFC, HFC 16. 09. 2020

Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms • Flexibility mechanisms create the ‘Carbon market’ to – Stimulate technology transfer and investment – Encourage the private sector and developing countries to contribute to emission reduction efforts – Help countries with Kyoto commitments to meet their targets in a cost-effective way

Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms I. Joint Implementation (JI) (KP article 6) ü Allows Annex-I country to earn emission reductions from an emission-reduction or emission removal project in another Annex I country II. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (KP article 12) ü allows Annex-1 country to implement an emission-reduction project in non-Annex-1 countries. III. Emissions Trading (KP article 17) ü allows Annex-I countries to sell unused emission units allocated to countries that are over their targets.

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Note: CER= Certified Emission reduction i. e. 1 tonne of CO 2 e

CDM Statistics : India • Registered projects to date: 620 (22%) • CERs – 0. 082 billion, (17% of CERs registered & issued) – 0. 047 billion per annum (11% of CERs in pipeline) • Sectors covered – – – Source: UNFCCC, as on 18 February 2011 supply side-- renewable energy, power demand side-- industrial energy efficiency; transport; municipal and solid waste; agriculture and livestock and changes in land use

HFC CDM Projects CDM Concept • HFC-23 is waste by-product forming ~3% of the HCFC-22 manufacture capacity and let off into the atmosphere • HFC-23 global warming potential (GWP) is 11, 700 • Under CDM project, HFC-23 is thermally incinerated • CDM Projects from India: – – – Gujarat Fluro SRF Chemplast Sanmar Navin Fluorine HFL Ltd • Typical CDM Savings – 350 t. CO 2 e / tonne of HCFC manufacture 16. 09. 2020

CDM – Success as Kyoto instrument Commitment Period (2008 -2012) Successful in: Proven example of theory that international carbon market can drive investment across the developing world Bringing near the goal of sustainable development Acquiring modern technology; technology leap-frog Provide additional source of finance for investment

Contact Information: The choice made by our generation, …will affect life on earth for all generations to come. Manu Maudgal 4 th Floor, Sewa Bhawan R. K. Puram New Delhi- 110 066, India. Tel: +91 -11 - 26179699 Fax: +91 -11 - 26178352 Email: manu. maudgal@giz. de …Working together ‘POST 2012’ can make a difference