The Age of Nationalism The Crimean War and

The Age of Nationalism The Crimean War and Napoleon III AP Euro 11. 1

Crimean War (1853 - 1856) • Dispute over the lands of the crumbling Ottoman empire – France signed a deal to gain control over Holy Lands – Russia had a previous treaty allowing protection over Greek Orthodox Christians in Ottoman Empire • Both just wanted control of the land

The fight begins with. . . Russia vs. The Ottoman Empire Then France Then Great Britain And even. . . Piedmont Sardinia!

Treaty of Paris 1856 • • Russia outgunned Nicolas I dies, son takes over Alexander II sues for peace Black Sea to become neutral – no military bases – no naval warships • Ends Russian attempts at Ottoman lands

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte And the Second Republic

Election of 1848 • Pamphlet Campaign – vague ideas about ending poverty and bringing back Napoleonic times • 5. 4 million votes to 1. 4 for Cavignac – seen as the least of the worst

Two Reigns of Louis Napoleon • The Dictator • The Liberal Empire • 1851 - 1860 • 1860 - 1870

The President • 1849 sends troops to support the Pope – conservative move that gains support of Catholics – begins to make gains in National Assembly • 1851 contests National Assembly law that limits Presidents to one term – Dismisses National Assembly

The Emperor • Asks the people of France to elect him President for 10 years – 92% vote yes – historians debate the integrity of the results • 1852 asks the people to name him hereditary emperor – 97% vote yes

The Good News • • Economy takes off in 1850’s Rebuilds Paris Unemployment declines Gains support in elections

The Bad News • Increased censorship • One sided politics • Nationalist at heart – drives many of his decisions • Ex - Carbonari – fighters for Italian Unification – makes Catholics upset • Pope didn’t want unification • 1859 Supports Sardinia against Austria – fights Austria – gains Savoy and Nice

The Liberal Empire (1860 - 1870) • • Legalizes unions and strikes Decreases censorship Increases opposition and their rights Why? – Always looking to get the people’s support – Win the next election • the people wanted liberal change • so did his opponents

The Prussian Threat • 1866 doesn’t come to the aid of Austria • 1870 Spanish Throne Issue – Hohenzollern or No? • Ems Dispatch – insult to both Prussia and France

Franco Prussian War (July 1870 - May 1871) • Prussia punishes France • Capture Louis Napoleon at Battle of Sedan (1870) – people of Paris call for new Republic – Napoleon III is voted out of power – dies 1873 in exile in England Napoleon III and Bismark