th 8 Grade Science EOG REVIEW Goal 1

th 8 Grade Science EOG REVIEW

Goal 1 n The designer will design and conduct investigations to demonstrate an understanding of scientific inquiry. n The Scientific Method: The 6 Steps 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Ask a question Form a hypothesis Test hypothesis Analyze Data Draw Conclusions Communicate Results

Some terms that you need to remember that are part of the scientific method. Hypothesis: An educated guess n Scientific method: a series or organized steps that scientists use as a guide for solving a problem or answering a question. n Variable: any factor that can affect the results of an experiment. n Control group: a standard set-up in which all variables remain constant and to which the experimental group is compared to. n

Continued n Experimental group: a set-up that is identical to the control group in every way, except for a change in the one variable you are testing. n n For example, If you have 3 beakers that you add water too and then you add 10 m. L of salt to one, 20 m. L to the second beaker, and no salt to the 3 rd. The beaker with no salt would be the control and the other two would be the experimentals.

Goal 1 continued n Dependent and Independent Variables n Remember that a variable as any factor that can affect the outcome of an experiment. We have two kinds. n Independent Variable: It is the variable that is changed or manipulated during the experiment. n Dependent variable: the factor that responds to changes in the independent variable. n In the following hypothesis: Tomato plants treated with Fertilizer X will produce larger tomatoes than tomato plants provided only with water. § Fertilizer X is the independent § Tomato size is the dependent variable

Basic Units of Measurement Length Meter M Mass Kilogram Kg Time Second s Temp Kelvin K Volume Liter L

Common SI Prefixes Mega M 10^6 1, 000 Kilo K 10^3 1000 Hecto h 10^2 100 Deca da 10^1 10 Deci d 10^-1 . 1 Centi c 10^-2 . 01 Milli m 10^-3 . 001

Models in Science n Model: a visual representation of something that can be used to show or explain how things function. n Models are used in science to represent an actual object that may to be too large or too small to examine closely.

Websites for further study n 1. 2. n 1. Scientific Method http: //www. biology 4 kids. com/files/studi es_scimethod. html http: //cte. jhu. edu/techacademy/web/200 0/lehman/scientificmethod. html Standard Units of Measurement http: //library. thinkquest. org/16600/refer ences/units. shtml

Standard Unit of Measurement continued 2. http: //www. visionlearning. com/library/mo dule_viewer. php? mid=47

Goal 2 n The learner will demonstrate an understanding of technological design. n Technology is the application of science to everyday life. As our needs change, science is applied to technology to meet those needs. n 1. Artifact: an object that is primitive (there is a newer technology to replace the old one. For example: An artifact would be the typewriter.

n n n While the typewriter is a way to type text, a computer is better technology for the same job. Hardware: physical equipment that is used to carry out technological functions. Methodology: a set of procedures or a means of doing something. The scientific method is an example of methodology. System of production: technology to produce goods. Example: assembly line. Social-technical system: how society affects technology and how technology affects society.

Technological Design n The stages in the design process of technology: 1. 2. 3. 4. Problem identification: some realizes there is a problem that technology could fix. Solution design: a layout of how the new technology will fix the problem Implementation: Testing of the new technology Evaluation: See if your original goals were met.

Links for Goal 2 for further study n http: //atschool. eduweb. co. uk/trinity/relate. ht ml