Terrestrial adaptations Mosses and Ferns Alternation of Generations

Terrestrial adaptations Mosses and Ferns Alternation of Generations Gymnosperms Angiosperms Misc. $200 $200 $400 $400 $600 $600 $800 $800 $1000 $1000

Final Jeopardy Vocabulary

Final Jeopardy • • Aquatic to terrestrial Gametophyte dominance to sporophyte dominance No cuticle or stomata to presence of a cuticle & stomata No roots, leaves, or stems to presence of roots, leaves, & stems • • No vascular system to presence of vascular system Requirement of water for reproduction to no requirement • Spores to seeds (& spores) • Development of fruit List 5 ways in which plants have become more complex

$200 • Roots - Absorb water/nutrients & anchor plant • Stems - Support & connects roots to leaves • Leaves - photosynthesize Function of roots, stems, & leaves

$400 Cuticle Waxy leaf covering that helps prevents water loss

$600 Stomata Microscopic pores that exchange gases & help prevent water loss

$800 Xylem – move water & minerals Phloem – distribute products of p/s Two types of vascular tissue & what they do

$1000 - Hold itself up (support) Get water & nutrients from soil Move water & nutrients throughout plant Avoid water loss Maintain gas exchange balance Reproduce without water Survive changing conditions List 4 challenges to life on land?

$200 1. Bryophyta 2. Tracheophyta 1. Mosses’ phylum 2. Fern’s phylum

$400 • Primary producer (provide food for other organisms and create oxygen) • Pioneer species Ecological Roles

$600 sporangium sporophyte seta leaflets gametophyte rhizoids Label

$800 leaflet frond stipe rhizome roots Label

$1000 Mosses have • No connective tissue • No cuticle • No roots …. . while ferns do Why mosses are dependent on water while ferns are considered “true land plants”?

$200 Gametophyte (haploid generation) What spores develop into and whether it is haploid/diploid generation?

$400 Sporophyte (diploid generation) What does the zygote develops into and whether it is a haploid/diploid generation?

$600 Pistil #4 stigma #5 style #6 ovary Female reproductive structure and its parts

$800 Sporophyte producing spores When meiosis occurs

$1000 One sperm nucleus fuses with egg nucleus One sperm nucleus fuses with 2 polar nuclei to produce endosperm (provides nourishment for developing embryo) Explain double fertilization

$200 “Naked” on the cone’s scale Location of gymnosperm seeds

$400 wind How pollen (male gametophyte) is dispersed

$600 • Less surface area • Waxy cuticle Why needles are resistant to water loss

$800 • Provides support so plant can grown large; reach sunlight • Conducts water/nutrients from soil and sugars from photosynthesis throughout plant Advantages of vascular tissue

$1000 • Seeds (provide protection & nourishment; can be dormant) • Small gametophyte generation dependent on sporophyte (so no longer tied to water) Evolutionary advancements seen in gymnosperms

$200 Sepal (tepal if same colour as petals) #10

$400 Cotyledons Seed leaves

$600 moths Pollinator attracted to white flowers with intense scent

$800 Dicots Net-like leaf veins, taproots, & flower parts in multiples of 4/5

$1000 • Fruit (develops from ovary; protects seed and provides nourishment for developing embryo) • Flowers (specialized reproductive structures that protect seed with an ovary) • Vector pollination and seed dispersal (more efficient) Evolutionary advancements of angiosperms

$200 • Wind • Vector 2 methods of pollination in angiosperms

$400 • By fruit consumption • By barbs • Water • Wind • explosion 5 methods of seed dispersal in angiosperms

$600 • More distance between plants means less competition for resources • Potential to colonize new environments Advantages of seed dispersal

$800 Moss – gametophyte (sporophyte dependent) Ferns – sporophyte (gametophyte independent – prothallus) Gymnosperms and angiosperms – sporophyte (gametophyte dependent) Describe the evolutionary trend seen regarding dominant generation within K. Plantae

$1000 • Can become dormant to survive unfavourable conditions • Provide food for embryo • Protects embryo Reasons that seeds are advantageous

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