PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS CHAPTER 8 SECTION 2 WARM

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PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS CHAPTER 8 SECTION 2

PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS CHAPTER 8 SECTION 2

WARM UP/WRAP UP • Food and minerals move _____. • Water and nutrients move

WARM UP/WRAP UP • Food and minerals move _____. • Water and nutrients move ______. • What is the one adaptation that land plants have to keep them from drying out (waxy layer)?

NONVASCULAR PLANTS • Three major groups of nonvascular plants • Mosses • Liverworts •

NONVASCULAR PLANTS • Three major groups of nonvascular plants • Mosses • Liverworts • Hornworts

CHARACTERISTICS OF NONVASCULAR PLANTS • Low-growing • Live in moist environments • Absorb water

CHARACTERISTICS OF NONVASCULAR PLANTS • Low-growing • Live in moist environments • Absorb water and other nutrients directly • Watery surroundings enable sperm cells to swim to egg cells

MOSSES 10, 000 species • Green, fuzzy moss is the gametophyte generation of the

MOSSES 10, 000 species • Green, fuzzy moss is the gametophyte generation of the plant • Rhizoids: thin, rootlike structures that anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients from the soil • The sporophyte generation grows out of the gametophyte • The sporophyte consists of a slender stalk with a capsule at the end • The capsule contains spores

A MOSS PLANT

A MOSS PLANT

LIVERWORTS 8, 000 species • Often found growing as a thick crust on moist

LIVERWORTS 8, 000 species • Often found growing as a thick crust on moist rocks or soil along the sides of a stream

HORNWORTS • Fewer than 100 species • Live in moist soil, soil often mixed

HORNWORTS • Fewer than 100 species • Live in moist soil, soil often mixed in with grass plants

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS • Characteristics • Ferns, club mosses and horsetails have true vascular

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS • Characteristics • Ferns, club mosses and horsetails have true vascular tissue • Do not produce seeds, seeds these plants reproduce by releasing spores • Can grow tall because vascular tissues effectively transport materials • Provide strength and stability • Grow in moist environments • There must be enough water for the to the eggs sperm to swim

FERNS • Stems of most ferns grow underground • Fronds • Fern leaves, divided

FERNS • Stems of most ferns grow underground • Fronds • Fern leaves, divided into many smaller parts that look like small leaves • The cuticle is found on the upper surface of each frond, helps retain plant water • Tiny spore cases are found on the underside of the fronds

HORSETAILS • Seedless, vascular plant • Stems are jointed • Long, coarse, needle-like branches

HORSETAILS • Seedless, vascular plant • Stems are jointed • Long, coarse, needle-like branches • Resemble a horse’s tail • Silica • Stem contains a gritty substance also found in sand

CLUB MOSSES • Seedless, vascular plant • Not to be confused with moss •

CLUB MOSSES • Seedless, vascular plant • Not to be confused with moss • Grow in moist woodlands and near streams

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